POPs Monitoring in Japan – Fate and Behavior of POPs - Takeshi NAKANO, (Hyogo Pref. Inst. of Pub. Health & Env. Sci.) Minoru FUKUSHIMA (Osaka city Inst. of Pub. Health & Env. Sci.), Yasuyuki SHIBATA, Noriyuki SUZUKI, Yoshikatsu TAKAZAWA (National Inst. for Env. Studies), Yoshitoku YOSHIDA, Noriya NAKAJIMA, Yasunori ENOMOTO (Ministry of Environment), Shinsuke TANABE (Ehime University), Masatoshi MORITA (National Inst. for Env. Studies)

Introduction POPs monitoring by Japanese Ministry of the Environment (former Environment Agency) had continued from 1978 in the biological samples and from 1986 in the water and sediment samples until To cope with the Stockholm Convention, changing pollution levels, and the technological innovations, the activity was reframed into "POPs pollution investigation (POPs monitoring survey)" in 2002 taking into consideration the data accumulation and continuity.

Methods and Materials POPs monitoring survey fiscal year 2002, -102 air samples from 34 sites, -114 water samples from 38 sites, -189 sediment samples from 63 sites, -118 biological samples from 24 sites were analyzed using HRGC/HRMS for PCBs, HCB, aldrin, endrin, DDTs, chlordanes, heptachlor, and HCHs.

Acknowledgements This study was supported by POPs monitoring survey from the Ministry of Environment.

Trend of PCB Use in Japan Total 58,000t Amount of PCB use (t)

PCB usage(t) PCB level (ng/m 3 )

POPs levels (2002) Air Sediment Water Biota ng/m ng/L ng/g-dry ng/g-wet

Air Water Bird Fish Shellfish Sediment 大気 水質 魚 貝類 底質 鳥

Air Water Bird abundance(%) Human blood Breast milk

2002 air water biota sediment α-HCH γ-HCH

2002 air water biota sediment α-HCH β-HCH

2002 air water biota sediment trans-CHL cis-CHL

2002 air water biota sediment trans-CHL heptachlor

2002 air water biota sediment trans-CHL oxy-CHL

2002 air water biota sediment DDTs DDEs

2002 air water biota sediment DDTs DDDs

2002 air water biota sediment DDEs DDDs

2002 air water biota sediment p,p’-DDT o,p’-DDT

Atmospher e aldrin chlordane DDTs dieldrin endrin heptachlor HCB PCBs HCHs Max Min 75% 25% Median Concentration (pg/m 3 ) Atmosphere

Water aldrin chlordane DDTs dieldrin endrin heptachlor HCB PCBs HCHs Max Min 75% 25% Median Concentration (pg/ ｌ ) Water

HCH Time Trends of PCBs and HCHs Concentrations in Yodo River y=(3×10 9 )e -0.13x r 2 = Years HCH Concentration (x10 3 pg/l) PCB Concentration (x10 3 pg/l)

Sediment aldrin chlordane DDTs dieldrin endrin heptachlor HCB PCBs HCHs Max Min 75% 25% Median Concentration (pg/ ｇ - ｄ ｒｙ ) Sediment

Biota aldrin chlordane DDTs dieldrin endrin heptachlor HCB PCBs HCHs Max Min 75% 25% Median Concentration (pg/ ｇ ) Biota

Atmosphere Water SedimentShell fish FishBird Biota ←DDTs (7.8×10 5 ） ←PCBs (4.2×10 4 ） ←HCHs (3.1×10 3 ） chlordane (2.4×10 4 ） HCB (4.2×10 4 ） endrin (1.4×10 4 ） dieldrin (2.7×10 4 ） heptachlor (1.4×10 4 ） aldrin (1.6×10 4 ） HCHs PCBs chlordane DDTs dieldrin HCB endrin heptachlor aldrin chlordane PCBs HCB HCHs heptachlor DDTs dieldrin endrin aldrin Concentration Ratios for POPs

Technical DDT p,p’-DDT o,p’-DDT p,p’- DDD o,p’- DDD p,p’- DDE o,p’- DDE Water Sediment Atmosphere Mussel Fish Bird

ＤＤＴ vs ＤＤＤ 1 Atmosphere （ ● ） Water （ ● ） Sediment （ ● ） Biota （ ● ） ×10 3 pg/m 3, l, kg

Water Sediment Atmosphere Mussel Fish Bird Relative Concentration (%) of Chlordane and its related Compounds Technical Chlordane t-CHL c-CHL t-NCL c-NCL HEP OXYHEPX

ｔｒａｎｓ - vs cis- ｃｈｌ ｏｒｄａｎｅ 1 Atmosphere （ ● ） Water （ ● ） Sediment （ ● ） Biota （ ● ） ×10 3 pg/m 3, l, kg

Water Sediment Atmosphere Mussel Fish Bird Technical HCH α β γ δ

α-HCH vs β-HCH 1 Atmosphere （ ● ） Water （ ● ） Sediment （ ● ） Biota （ ● ） ×10 3 pg/m 3, l, kg

Lake Biwa in 1975 α ： 17% β ： 75% γ ： 8% Av Conc pg/l Concentration (pg/l) Composition (%) 11000

Concentration (pg/m 3 ) chlordane in Ambient Air (1,400-2,100)

Chlordane in Water (2100) Concentration (pg/L)