Experiences and lessons learned from the TNA of China WANG Can Tsinghua University, China UNFCCC workshop on Technology Needs Assessments Bonn, Germany June 2011

A brief overview of Studies on TNA in China Greentech Initiative - "The Greentech Report 2009" McKinsey - "China's Green Revolution" UNDP Second National Communication Center for Clean Air Policy (CCAP) - "Analysis of Implementation of GHG Mitigation Measures in China" Remin University - Proposal on Innovative Mechanism for Development and Transfer of Environmentally Sound Technologies (ESTs) Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) – Assessment and Application Study on Energy Saving and Pollution Reduction Technologies in Key Sectors in China. APP – Energy efficiency and resource saving technologies in cement sector etc. China Academy of Science – High Tech Development Report Year 2010 ……

Case 1: Remin University Study - Proposal on Innovative Mechanism for Development and Transfer of Environmentally Sound Technologies (ESTs) Overview ： A brief overview at national level Criteria: Environment, technical, economic, social ； Priority Sector: Energy, Iron and Steel, Cement, Transportation, Building, Metrological observation, weather forecasting, agriculture, costal protection, biological system protection, biodiversity; Barrier: Supplier (political barriers, over protection of IPR); receiver (lack of capacity, capital and human resource); TNA list: 42 mitigation technologies, 11 adaptation technologies

Case 2: MIIT Project - Energy saving and pollution reduction technology assessment and application study in major sectors Overview: Iron and steel, petrol chemical, feral metal, automobile, light industry, construction material, electrical information, equipment manufacturing: current status and structure of technologies. Criteria: social economic, material consumption, pollution emisson; Priority sectors: Iron and steel etc, 11 sectors; Barriers: NA TNA list: Database for energy saving and pollution reduction technology sector by sector;

Case 3: National Assessment Report Overview: Overview at National level; Criteria: cost and potential; Priority sector: energy supply (clean coal, CCS), energy end use (industry, transportation, building), industrial process, agriculture and forestry and LULUCF; Barriers: Social, technological, economic, institutional, mainly for technology receivers; TNA list: Mitigation technology list sector by sector;

Key Findings from the Existing TNA Studies Overview: Still lack comprehensive overview on major sectors (mitigation and adaptation), regional difference should be emphasized; Comprehensive sector overview: mitigation and adaptation, technology structure, regional perspective; Criteria: Lack methodology for TNA criteria, most focus only on cost and potential; Criteria beyond cost and potential; Priority Sector: Consistent mitigation priority sector but with different detail, few study on adaptation, only at national level without consideration on regional level; Priority sector cover both mitigation and adaptation, regional perspective; Barriers: Most focus on technology receivers, lack of case study; Both from supplier and receivers based on case studies; TNA list: lack review on technology development in potential supply countries, technology list instead of technology needs list; Technology supplier overview, identification of potential suppliers Technology mechanism: Only one study address this issue; Assessment of technology transfer mechanism at both international and national level;

Suggestions for TNA in China Obtain a large number of first-hand information directly from enterprises with the help of industry associations ； Take into consideration specific development stage, resource endowment and the feasibility and applicability of technology in China when selecting sectors and technologies; Pay attention to the dual industrial structure in China when assessing technology needs, emphasize technologies which is suitable for SMEs; Establish technology information database and network platform which reflect the real data of technology in China like TechWiki; Build up long-term mechanism for taking regular assessments of technology needs through establishment of institutions, network and capacity building; Design a special outreach plan for the application and dissemination the results of TNA

Mitigation Sector appraisals to identify, prioritize & evaluate needs (a Call for Proposals will determine the adequate level of effort for each appraisal). Provincial Level 5 provincial- level appraisals Adaptation Sector appraisals to identify, prioritize & evaluate needs (a Call for Proposals will determine the adequate level of effort for each appraisal). Technical Oversight, Synthesis and Steering Group Finalize and roll-out methodology –Ensure proper application at sector-level Synthesize and aggregate technology appraisal results –report and database Workshops, Training and Dissemination China Technology Needs Assessment (TNA) Schematic Technology Appraisals and Surveys Methodology Technology information Technology needs & barriers TNA and Technology Transfer (TT) Capacity Building National Networking -TT information collection and analysis -Facilitation -Monitoring and Evaluation -Training Provincial Level -Design and manage technology databases -Training / facilitation to define technology information and needs -Personnel exchange for training on TNA and tech transfer process Sectoral Level -Serve as knowledge center for sector specific technologies -Design and manage plant-level tech databases -Foreign / national state of the art technology reviews/scanning -Training / facilitation

Overall objectives Identify all possible technologies the improvements of which can help better address the issues associated climate change (either through emission reduction or adapting to changing climatic conditions) in China; Prioritize those technologies according to important climate-related criteria such as emission reduction potential and benefit improvement of climate impact, caused by filling the gaps, if any, between best available technologies at the local, Chinese level, and best available technologies at the global level. Other criteria such as efficiency of the technologies, cost-effectiveness, environmental and social impact, and feasibility of integrating with existing systems in a Chinese context, are also considered; For the prioritized technologies, analyze and understand the potential mechanisms and barriers that are impeding the transfer of the global best available technologies to Chinese users to enable their widespread diffusion and the more effective means for the country to address climate change mitigation and adaptation.

Scope of Work 1.Identification of Technology Use in China 2.Identification of Global Best Practice Technologies 3.Analyses of Gaps and Impacts 4.Analyses of Barriers in Technology Transfer 5.Technology Prioritization 6.Capacity Building for TNA and Technology Transfer and Development