Brain Pop What is the difference in appearance between an animal and plant cell 1

2 1.nucleus 2.cytoplasm 3.cell membrane4.vacuole 5.mitochondria6.chloroplast (P) 7.Golgi Apparatus8.ribosomes 9.Endoplasmic reticulum(ER) 10.Vesicles

3 Organelles are Objects ONLY seen with the microscope (Microanatomy). We can divide microanatomy into: Histology – study of tissues Cytology – study of individual cells.

In order to understand how something is built and how something works, you must look at all of its components and analyze them both individually and together. An organism (such as a human being) may be broken down as illustrated on the left. Organelle (smallest) Cell Tissue Organ Organ System Organism 4 Levels of Structure

Two Types of Cells Prokaryotes Any cellular organism that does not contain a nuclear membrane No organelle in the cytoplasm except ribosomes Eukaryotes Any cellular organism in which specialized organelles have membranes. Has a membrane- bound nucleus. 5

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7 1. Nucleus  The “brain” of the cell  Controls all of the cellular activities  DNA is inside the nucleus

8 2. CELL MEMBRANE  Holds the cell together  Keeps all of the pieces inside the cell  Controls what goes in and out of the cell Example:like a big net…

9 3. Mitochondria  Mito = Mighty / Power  The Power-House of the cell  They break down food molecules so the cell has the energy to live  If a cell needs a lot of energy… it will have more mitochondria

10 4. Endoplasmic Reticulum  Also known as the “ER”  It membranes extends from the nuclear membrane.  Rough ER- produces (synthesizes) ribosomes which later produce proteins  Smooth ER- produces lipids, steroids etc… secondary sexual characteristics (facial hair, breast)

11 **The vesicle can then move to the Golgi apparatus or the cell membrane 1)If the vesicle floats to the cell membrane, the proteins are going to be sent out of the cell……or (exocytosis) 2)If they move to the Golgi Apparatus, the proteins will be used inside the cell 5. MOVEMENT of VESICLES

12 6. GOLGI APPARATUS WHAT DOES IT DO? 1)It takes simple molecules and combines them to make larger molecules. It is made up of a stack of flattened out sacs …like a loose stack of pancakes

13 7. CYTOPLASM Fluid inside the cell membrane & outside of the nucleus It is located everywhere except inside the nucleus.

14 8. CENTRAL VACUOLE Vacuoles are “bubbles” that float in the cell (maintain water levels) More pronounced in plant cells Stores waste products which protects the cell from contamination

15 You will know that a plant's vacuoles are shrinking when you see the plant begin to droop over HOLDING UP THE WALLS

16 When water enters (osmosis) the vacuole, it swells exerting internal force on the cell wall causes “rigidity”

17 9. Chloroplast

18 The site of photosynthesis in eukaryotic (plant) cells Composed of a single membrane Chloroplast (Plants Only)

19 Small dot-like structures in cells Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis in cells One ribosome can make one protein in about one minute 10. Ribosomes

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