UFORE The Shell

General: an interaction between a computer and any other entity (printer, operator, etc.). Windows Explorer Mozilla Firefox Mac Finder Linux Konqueror Here: a graphical user interface (GUI) that provides access to and exchanges data with UFORE components What is a “shell”?

UFORE Input

Project setup Project decisions Q1: Study area Q2: Sampling type Q3: Plot number and size Q4: Options Q5: Stratification Details in the Manual /Pubs/Downloads/gtrne287.pdf

Q3: Plot number and size Number 30 – low budget, high error  Near ±35%, depending on parameter 100 – medium budget, medium error  Near ±20%, depending on parameter 200 – high budget, low error  Near ±12%, depending on parameter Size Typically 0.1 acre circle (37.2’ radius) Other possibilities (  Manual) Project setup

Q4: Options Long-Term Data (Permanent plots) Allow change to be measured carefully Take longer = cost more  25-33%, depending on tree density Ground Cover and Shrubs Local decision on importance Hard to calculate function or value Project setup

Plot generation I Need plots distributed randomly inside study area Three ways Shell can call automatic plot generator Shell can be used for manual plot input Plots can be generated by another program and imported

Automatic Plot Generator Extension to ArcMap Allows choice of Plot number Sampling strategy Stratification Must also have Spatial Analyst extension Generates random plot centers in a GIS Currently not 9.2 SP1

Manual Plot Generation Traditional method Map Grid/dot overlay Random number generator Advantages Cheap Does not require software Disadvantages Slow

External Plot Generation Various ways Another GIS (e.g., ArcView 3.x) 1 1 legacy program available (unsupported) Randomized GPS coordinates w/in domain (  Excel, e.g.) Municipal software packages Plots and coordinates can be Imported into the Shell Used on the PDA

Plot maps Needed Master map of study area for planning Individual ground maps for crew  Scaled  North oriented View wide enough to locate reference points, narrow enough to see detail Plot generation: output

Data collection Means Paper forms Copies in Manual, instruction binder and on CD One set used per plot PDAs Pocket PC platform Much faster and more accurate, once PDAs learned Configuration automated Can be combined Both available through Shell

Data collection Plot data Reference points Utility pole Hydrant Etc. Vegetation % tree cover % (im)permeable % shrub % plantable Land use Crew training: min 1 day

Data collection Optional data Ground cover types, amounts Building, turf, bare soil, cement, etc. Shrub types, amounts No regression formulae Describing volumes Must account for missing leaves

Tree data NOTE: Tree = any woody vegetation, except vine, with a DBH ≥ 1 inch If permanent plots: dist./dir. to tree Species, DBH Height Crown depth and width Crown parameters (dieback, etc.) Location around buildings See “UFORE Tree Fields” handout Data Collection

Most data fields clear to urban foresters Exceptions: % Canopy Missing Crown Light Exposure Modifications of FIA (Forest Inventory and Analysis) fields  Manual! Source: FIA training image

Data collection II Details on field data in Manual PDF can be searched for field code on desktop Can cut codes from Word document, load on to PDA as a file, search in field Paper form and PDA both coordinate with Manual Field problems not in Manual: i- Tree support (

Data entry PDA: automatic through ActiveSync Paper: through a module in Shell Tools  Enter Data from Paper Collection

Mickey Merritt, Texas Forest Service, *in* some yucky UFORE plot

Outside Exercise Equipment Plot map PDAs Paper forms “UFORE Tree Fields” Attitude!

AutoTransfer I Data entry Paper form data Enter into Shell with Data Entry module PDA data Upload through hot sync to local machine Both end up in i-Tree Grand Database In future: data processing will be done on local machine Now: sent to Syracuse FS unit

AutoTransfer II Field data up Sent through the shell Shell launches embedded FTP client Shell automatically uploads field data UFORE engine in FS Syracuse calculates Results down Notification from Syracuse FS to client Retrieved through Shell Downloaded automatically Imported into Shell

Analysis I Basic Fundamental analyses, e.g. Species, DBH class distributions Total pollution removal Net annual C storage/sequestration by DBH class

Analysis III Analysis (shell) Shell shows 12 most useful analyses Automatically executed Viewing options available Advanced analyses at user’s command Dialogue box allows factor by factor analysis Choice of format (pie, bar, etc.)

Analysis II Advanced UFORE code capable of complex analyses E.g. Carbon sequestration by DBH class by Land Use Pollution removal by condition by DBH class Primarily for researchers

Reporting I Former detailed E.g., Brooklyn (2002) Online: /GPO/LPS /GPO/LPS64575 Conceived as a technical scientific report 68pp of tables Very time-consuming work

Reporting II Current enhanced Texas FS report Pete Smith et al Good design Good web sense 

Reporting III Report Writer Will be built into shell Simple style Embedded codes pull data from DB of results In development

UFORE at work I Large number of analyses already conducted Atlanta, GA; Baltimore, MD; Beijing, China; Boston, MA; Brooklyn, NY; Calgary, Alberta; Freehold, NJ; Fuenlabrada, Spain; Greenville-Spartanburg, SC; Houston, TX; Hefei, China; Jersey City, NJ; Kent, OH; Minneapolis, MN; Moorestown, NJ; Morgantown, WV; New York, NY; Ningbo, China; Philadelphia, PA; Porto Alegre, Brazil (parks); San Francisco, CA; San Juan, PR, Santiago, Chile; Syracuse, NY; Toronto, Canada; Washington, DC; Wilmington, DE; Woodbridge, NJ. Many others currently in progress

UFORE at work II Being used to Establish function and value of lands and forest under development pressure Supply foundation for municipal management of its ecosystem, not just its *own* trees Suggest optimal management strategies Empower advocacy

UFORE at work III Future is up to you Wherever urban ecosystems are in question, UFORE can be of service Development debates Long-term maintenance objectives Restoration goals Great potential to help with some of the most important questions before us today