BSC 2010L CELLS AND PROTISTS I

In this lab we will: A. Review cell structure and function (Chapter 2). B. Begin examining diversity of life with some protist taxa (handouts).

Principal Biological Concepts to Emphasize: A. Cell theory - all living things are made of cells. B. Levels of organization: atoms  molecules  macromolecules  organelles  cells  tissues  organs  organisms C. Cell types D. Cell structures and functions E. Diversity and cladistic analysis G. Diversity of some protist groups

Dissecting scopes A. Putting prepared slides under the dissecting scope is often a convenient way to look at larger specimens. B. Look at live protists and small inverts under dissecting scopes when preparing wet mounts.

Cell Structure A. Basic aspects of cell structure and function 1.All cells have a nucleus (or nucleoid), cytoplasm and a plasma membrane.

2.The plasma membrane isolates the cell from the environment, controls the flow of molecules into and out of the cell, and contains receptors that effect cell’s activities.

3.A nucleus is bound be a membrane and contains DNA. (In bacterial and blue-green cells, DNA in located in the nucleoid region and is not membrane-bound.)

4.The cytoplasm contains membrane systems, particles, filaments (the cytoskeleton), and a semifluid matrix.

PROKARYOTES

A prokaryotic cell

Eukaryotes 1. internal membrane bound organelles - with specific structures and functions. a.cell membrane surrounding cytoplasm b.nuclear membrane around nucleus c. endoplasmic reticulum d.mitochrondria e.chloroplasts

PLANT vs. ANIMAL CELLS

An animal cell

A plant cell

Organelles A. Nucleus B. Nucleolus C. Membrane systems 1. endoplasmic reticulum a. smooth ER b. rough ER 2. ribosomes D. Mitochondria E. Golgi bodies F. Chloroplasts G. Central Vacuole H. Cell wall I. Flagella and cilia

The nucleus and its envelope The nucleus and its envelope

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Ribosomes

Golgi bodies

The endomembrane system The endomembrane system

The mitochondrion

Ultrastructure of a eukaryotic flagellum or cilium

The plant cell vacuole The plant cell vacuole

The chloroplast

In lab: A. Bacterial cells B. Human epidermal cells stain- methylene blue C. Onion epidermis D. Hydrilla

Use glass slides throughout lab, then throw them in GLASS container.

Data sheet 1 (10 pts.) THIS IS DUE BEFORE YOU LEAVE THE LAB.

Classification A. Taxonomic hierarchy - Domain, kingdom, phylum (division), class, order, family, genus, species. B. 3 domains 1.Bacteria 2.Archaea 3.Eukarya

Eukarya a. "Protists" – At least 5 kingdoms b. Kingdom ANIMALIA c. Kingdom FUNGI d. Kingdom PLANTAE

Hierarchical classification

Domains of life

The five-kingdom system compared with two alternative classification schemes

A tentative phylogeny of eukaryotes

The "protists” A. Representing at least 5 kingdoms B. 60,000 extant species C. Eukaryotic cells origin from prokaryotes by endosymbiosis

A. Kingdom Rhizopoda B. Kingdom Euglenozoa 1.Phylum Euglenophyta – euglenoids 2.Phylum Kinoplastida C. Kingdom Alveolata 1.Phylum Ciliophora This week we will include:

In lab: A. Euglena - (with Stentor) B. Trichonympha C. Trypanosoma D. Paramecium E. Stentor F. Vorticella

Euglena

Amoeba proteus

Termite and Trichonympha

Trypanosoma, the kinetoplastid that causes sleeping sickness

Conjugation and genetic recombination in Paramecium caudatum

Paramecium conjugating

Ciliates: Stentor (left), Paramecium (right)

Paramecium contractile vacuole DEMONSTRATION.