BIOLOGY FINAL REVIEW

What type of biomolecule are enzymes? –Protein

What is the basic building block of proteins? –Amino acids

An atom’s second energy level holds ___ electrons. –Eight

The basic unit of life is the ____. –Cell

What type of bonds are found in unsaturated lipids? –Double bonds

Cells that contain a nucleus are classified as _______. –Eukaryotes

The information gathered during the experiment is called ______. –Data

The passing on of traits from parents to offspring is called _____. –Heredity

Cells containing two alleles for each trait are described as ___ cells. –Diploid

The female gamete is called a(n) ____ cell. –Egg

_____ is the organelle that is gel-like and holds the other organelles –Cytoplasm

Which type of cell has ONLY a cell membrane? –Animal

Cells that only contain ONE allele for each trait are called ____ cells. –Haploid

A structured procedure for collecting information to test a hypothesis is called the ______. –Experiment

The part of the experiment in which all conditions are kept the same is called the ___. –Control

What is the function of chlorophyll? –Absorption of sunlight

The sequence of growth & division of a cell is called the ___. –Cell Cycle

In aerobic respiration, the final electron acceptor in the ETC is _____. –Oxygen

Energy is released from ATP when the bond is broken between… –Two phosphate groups

What is the longest phase of the cell cycle? –Interphase

The pairing of ____ in DNA is the key to insuring the code. –Nitrogen bases

A DNA nucleotide is made up of a phosphate, nitrogen base and…. –Deoxyribose sugar

______ structures show similarities between organisms. For example, birds & mammals that share similar bone structures –Homologous structures

Where in the cell does translation take place? –Ribosomes

What organelle is responsible for storage? –Vacuole

Write an example of a heterozygous genotype. (using the letter B) –Bb

What type of inheritance shows a blending of the trait? –Incomplete dominance

What type of inheritance expresses both traits EQUALLY? –Codominance

What type of inheritance pattern controls blood types? –Multiple alleles

Sex-linked traits are usually carried on the __ chromosome. –X chromosome

What process creates gametes? –Meiosis

____ is the replacement of a defective gene with a normal gene –Gene therapy

A ____ is a tool that charts chromosomes according to size, banding & centromere location –Karyotype

The entire collection of genes within the human race is called the _______. –Human genome

____ is used to transfer DNA from one organism to another –Vector

____ is the father of binomial nomenclature –Carolus Linnaeus

____ is the science of grouping & naming organisms –Taxonomy

What human genetic disorder is caused by having only one X sex chromosome? –Turner syndrome

___ is a tool used to compare DNA fragments –DNA fingerprinting

What genetic disorder results in the person having Trisomy 21? –Down Syndrome

____ are organisms that contains functional recombinant DNA –Transgenic organism

What is an example of an ABIOTIC factor? –Soil quality –Water quality –Temperature –Amount of sunlight –Amount of rainfall

What is an example of parasitism? –Deer & tick –Human & tapeworm –Flea & dog

_____ is the manipulation of DNA –Biotechnology

What is the function of the ribosome? –Make proteins

Plant cells make their food in this organelle.. –Chloroplast

What are the products of photosynthesis? –Glucose & oxygen

The total number of ATP molecules made in glycolysis? –Two

Which type of consumer is found at the base (start) of all food chains? –producer

A flood would be an example of _____ succession. –Secondary

Which scientist described evolution by using the theory of natural selection? –Darwin

Where would you find the most fertile farmland? –Grasslands

Restriction enzymes cut DNA strands, leaving _____ to help join the DNA with another DNA strand. –Sticky ends

What do the arrows represent in a food web? –Energy flow

A device used by geneticists for predicting the possible offspring of 2 individuals is a(n) ____ –Punnett square

How many X chromosomes does a normal female have? –Two

On a pedigree a half shaded circle represents….. –A carrier

Hemophilia & red-green colorblindness are inherited by…. –Sex-linked trait

How many PAIRS of chromosomes are in a normal human body cell? –23 pairs

How many mature egg cells are produced during meiosis? –4 (four)

During cytokinesis, a plant cells forms a ____ between the cells. –Cell plate

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide? –Sugar, phosphate & base

When does DNA replication occur? –Interphase

The first step of cellular respiration is ___. –Glycolysis

Fermentation occurs when there is no ___ present. –Oxygen

In addition to alcohol, fermentation also produces _____ –Carbon dioxide

_____ are found in both plants & animals but in different sizes. –Vacuoles

Osmosis does not occur in a(n) ___ solution. –Isotonic

If a cell is placed in salt water, water leaves the cell by ___. –osmosis

How many electrons can be held by an atom in the first energy level? –Two(2)

The following organic compound contains H, C & O in a 1:2:1 ratio… –carbohydrate

Which organic molecules provides long- term energy & insulation? –lipid

Living things change during their lives through ____. –Adaptations

Scientific explanation of know facts arrived at through repeated testing is a ____. –theory

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