Napoleon’s Europe Chapter 20 section 3

Key Terms Napoleon Bonaparte Admiral Horatio Nelson Coup d’ etat Plebiscite Continental system Nationalism

Opportunities for Glory Napoleon a brilliant military leader Forced British troops out of Toulon Won a victory against Austria 1795 faced royalist mob in Paris Used artillery to disperse them

Opportunities for Glory Directory placed Napoleon in charge of French troops Troops not slowed down by supply train Took what they needed from the countryside Won battles against the Italians and Austrians Secured France’s borders

Opportunities for Glory Napoleon turned his attention to Egypt 1798 Napoleon defeats Egypt’s Ottoman defenders Admiral Horatio Nelson- trapped and destroyed most French ships in the Battle of the Nile

Opportunities for Glory Napoleon covered up his defeat Napoleon sailed home Left army in Egypt under another officer Exaggerated France's successes

Napoleon Seizes Power National hero decided to seize political power Directory had grown weak Armed supporters of Napoleon surrounded the Directory Voted Napoleon first Consul

Napoleon Seize Power Coup d’ etat- a forced transfer of power A group of three consuls would replace the Directory Structure of the Republic still in place Napoleon had become dictator

Napoleon Seizes Power Why would France want a dictator, after overthrowing a king? French craved order and stability the Napoleon promised Napoleon pledged to uphold some of the revolutions reforms

Napoleon Crowns Himself Plebiscite-question put before all the voters 1804- did they want to declare France an empire Napoleon became Emperor Napoleon I Pope Pious VII came from Rome to crown him

Napoleon Crowns Himself As Pope was going to place the crown on Napoleon's head He grabbed it and put it on his own head Told the world no one gave Napoleon authority but himself

Desire for Empire Wanted to rule Europe and extend power to Americas Civil war in Haiti was a French defeat Napoleon sold the Louisiana territories to America to concentrate on Europe

The Napoleonic Wars Begin Quest to conquer Europe France became a dominant power in Europe Napoleonic Wars lasted till 1815 Great Britain was France’s worst enemy

The Napoleonic Wars Begin Organized coalitions against France Napoleon knew he had to defeat Great Britain 1805 England again defeats France in Battle of Trafalgar On Land Napoleon was more successful

The Continental System Britain's economy depended on overseas trade Napoleon wanted to disrupt trade Continental system- blockade prohibited French or allied ships from trading with Britain

The Continental System British required all neutral ships to stop in British ports for permission to trade with France This caused other conflicts

The Peninsular War Portugal share Iberian Peninsula with Spain Portuguese refused to participate in the continental system They depended on Great Britain for trade Napoleon sent troops to drive out the King

The Peninsular War Napoleon then conquered Spain British sent troops to Spain Napoleon won several victories against the British Guerilla warfare in Spain Attacked French troops and camps

The Peninsular War French slaughtered many innocent civilians to punish the guerillas Kept French army pinned down Napoleon pulled troops from Spain

Napoleon Dominates Europe Took control of Europe through treaties and alliances Great Britain, Portugal, Sweden and Ottoman Empire not controlled Napoleon put relatives in power of conquered areas

Napoleon Dominates Europe His brothers ruled in Holland, Naples, and Sicily His sisters and stepsons held important positions

Reform of Church State Relations Many citizens despised the anti religious nature of the Revolution Napoleon made an agreement with the Pope Concordat-French citizens were Roman Catholic

Reform of Church Relations Recognized the influence of the Catholic Church Did not return control over national affairs

Economic Reforms Established the Bank of France Regulate the economy Set up efficient tax collection system Ensured government would not face hardships

Legal and Educational Reforms Created Napoleonic Code-laws uniform across the land Eliminated many injustices Promoted order and authority over rights Freedom of the press was restricted by censors

Legal and Educational Reforms Code only applied to male citizens Denied rights of women and allowed husbands to have authority over them Strong state depended on strong leaders in government and the military

Napoleon’s legacy Insured that some basic values and ideas from the revolution remained with government Napoleon’s ideas of Equality before the law Representative form of Government Approved and supported by Napoleon

Napoleon’s Legacy Napoleon’s action spread nationalism Nationalism-a sense of identity and unity as a people French people developed a new loyalty to France as a whole Nationalism spread to the conquered peoples