Presentation to Parliamentary Portfolio Committee, 14 September GROUNDWATER AS A COMMUNITY WATER SUPPLY SOURCE MR BONIFACE ALEOBUA DEPARTMENT OF WATER AFFAIRS AND FORESTRY

Presentation to Parliamentary Portfolio Committee, 14 September Groundwater in South Africa provides a vital source of water in many rural communities and towns through springs, wells or boreholes for drinking and for irrigation. Groundwater is often the most cost effective way to supply good quality water to isolated and small areas. It is stored in Aquifers (spaces between rocks etc), often the greatest volume of water stored in a catchment, and therefore critical sources for the dry season and drought periods. Aquifers may occur many meters below the surface of the ground. This position often protects the water from contamination by man.

Presentation to Parliamentary Portfolio Committee, 14 September \and cost – effective implementation of groundwater and other small scale appropriate technologies Mobilizing the whole groundwater industry towards the common objective Broadening the skills base of groundwater practitioner Securing sustainable financing, including for groundwater monitoring as a management support Su Securing sustainable financing, including for groundwater monitoring as a management support

Presentation to Parliamentary Portfolio Committee, 14 September

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6 Groundwater in South Africa has moved from being a Cinderella resource, to one of Strategic resource. Reason- classed as private water in 1956 Water Act#54 (no need to worry), and then as Public Water Source in the 1998 Water Act#96 (must be managed for public good). This has had implications for the way the resource was managed, as well as the public perception about the resource. A lot of catching up still to be done regarding the management of the resource.

Presentation to Parliamentary Portfolio Committee, 14 September Source: DWAF, Groundwater Resources Assessments-II, 2005 Increases in Rural use of groundwater since RDP projects came about

Presentation to Parliamentary Portfolio Committee, 14 September

9 Good management of groundwater use and the control of activities in vulnerable areas ensures that groundwater remains a usable resource. If too much is pumped or if the quality deteriorates as a result of pollution, it will no longer be available as a cost effective source of water for drinking, stock watering or irrigation. The cost of polluted water treatment is usually higher than the cost of preventing pollution through informed management.

Presentation to Parliamentary Portfolio Committee, 14 September Groundwater at risk of being polluted by toilet contents, and surface run off into this ‘sinkhole”

Presentation to Parliamentary Portfolio Committee, 14 September Groundwater at risk from pollution at surface (stagnant water)

Presentation to Parliamentary Portfolio Committee, 14 September Problem caused by blockage of the drains leading to possible pollution of groundwater

Presentation to Parliamentary Portfolio Committee, 14 September Schematic of how borehole water can also be contaminated

Presentation to Parliamentary Portfolio Committee, 14 September

Presentation to Parliamentary Portfolio Committee, 14 September What should be done?

Presentation to Parliamentary Portfolio Committee, 14 September GROUDWATER MANAGEMENT FOR MUNICIPALITIES A Framework for Groudwater Management of community water supply Implementing a Rural Groundwater Management System Groundwater Monitoring for Pump Operators

Presentation to Parliamentary Portfolio Committee, 14 September Maps and brochures produced by DWAF

Presentation to Parliamentary Portfolio Committee, 14 September Good management practice for groundwater (measurements)

Presentation to Parliamentary Portfolio Committee, 14 September Source: Braune and Mutheiwana, 2005.