Sustainability on the Construction Project of Nagara River Estuary Barrage and Application of PSM Indicators Dr. Yoshihiko Yamashita (CTI Engineering) Koichiro Haru (Nihon Suido Consultants) (On behalf of the Association of Japanese Consulting Engineers) FIDIC 2005 Beijing WS-6 September 6, 2005 Most data and pictures by courtesy of Chubu Regional Development Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, and Chubu Regional Bureau, Japan Water Agency

2 Agenda Outline of Nagara River Improvement Project ►Introduction of Japan’s major flood protection project Case Study on Application of PSM Indicators to Nagara Project ►Case study to identify the issues when applying FIDIC’S PSM indicators to disaster protection projects

3 Why Nagara River Project? Big national project Long term Public involvement Accountability Environmental considerations Already in operation Monitored after construction (data availability)

4 Project Site Nagoya City Ise Bay River Basin River Basin Pacific Ocean Japan Sea Tokyo Nagara River Ibi River Kiso River Nagara Estuary Barrage (Located 5.4 km from the river mouth)

5 Background – Flood protection River improvement started in early 1600’s Technology transfer from Dutch engineers in Early 1900’s River Improvement Plan in Early 1900’s

6 Background– Flood protection Serious flood damage due to strong typhoons during – Hundreds were died or went missing The flood in 1976The Serious flood due to Ise Typhoon in 1959 Recent Disasters

7 Background– Water use Significant ground subsidence due to groundwater intake Saltwater infiltration to groundwater Water demand increase

8 Flood Control Environmental Considerations Water Use Main Concerns & Countermeasures Flood Riverbed Dredging Salt Water Inflow Estuary Barrage Ground Subsidence Surface Water Use Obstruction to Fish migration Fishways, Gate Operations Water Pollution, Eutrophication Aeration By Equipped Boat Concerns Counter- measures LEGEND Fresh Water Shortage Monitoring Droughts, Demand Increase Saltwater Infiltration

9 Flood Control River improvement Design Flow Capacity (Historical Maximum Flow) 7,500 m 3 /s Flow Capacity Before Dredging 4,450 m 3 /s Selected Alternatives to improve flow capacity

10 Water Use Estuary Barrage Gates Upstream Downstream Overflow operationUnderflow operation Maximum Available Flow 22.5 m 3 /s

11 Environmental consideration Fishways Natural-shaped type Attracting-flow type Lock type Overflow Operation Underflow Operation

12 Application of PSM Indicators to Infrastructure Construction PSM Indicators for Nagara River Estuary Barrage (case study) ►Purpose To clarify the applicability of FIDIC’S PSM indicators to disaster protection projects ►Method According to FIDIC’s PSM Guideline Based on actual monitoring data available

13 (1) Social Dimension – Human Loss Theme FIDIC PSM Code Sub-theme Core project indicator Safety Mortality Contribution to protection of human loss due to floods Relevance to project Contribution to protection of human loss due to natural disasters Countermeasure Riverbed Dredging and levee reinforcement Project indicator Human loss due to floods after commencement of operations Project evaluation No human loss due to floods after commencement of operations.

14 (2) Economic dimension – Economic Loss Theme FIDIC PSM Code Sub-theme Core project indicator Institutional capacity Disaster preparedness & response Contribution to protection of economic loss due to floods Relevance to project Contribution to protection of economic loss due to natural disasters Countermeasure Riverbed Dredging and levee reinforcement Project indicator Damaged households by floods after commencement of operations Project evaluation No damages to households due to floods after commencement of operations.

15 (2) Economic dimension – Water Use Theme FIDIC PSM Code Sub-theme Core project indicator Institutional capacity Water useContribution to protection of economic loss due to droughts Relevance to project Contribution to protection of economic loss due to droughts Countermeasure Water storage by construction of gates Project indicator Water demand coverage during droughts after commencement of operations Project evaluation 76 % of water demand covered during droughts after commencement of operations.

16 (3) Environmental Dimension – Algae Concentration Theme FIDIC PSM Code Sub-theme Core project indicator Fresh waterPublic water bodyMeasurements of changes in algae concentration Relevance to project Effects of project on algae concentration in public water body Countermeasure Gate operations during high concentration periods Project indicator Concentration of chlorophyll a in stored water Project evaluation Almost no change.

17 (3) Environmental Dimension – BOD Concentration Theme FIDIC PSM Code Sub-theme Core project indicator Fresh water EN-14 Water qualityMeasurements of BOD on water bodies affected by project Relevance to project Effects of project on BOD in water bodies Countermeasure Aeration by aerator-equipped boat Project indicator Concentration of BOD on water bodies affected by project Project evaluation Almost no change.

18 (3) Environmental Dimension – DO Concentration Theme FIDIC PSM Code Sub-theme Core project indicator Fresh waterWater qualityMeasurements of DO (Dissolved Oxygen) on water bodies affected by project Relevance to project Effects of project on DO in water bodies Countermeasure Aeration by aerator-equipped boat Project indicator Concentration of DO on water bodies affected by project Project evaluation Almost no change.

19 (3) Environmental Dimension – Fish Catch Theme FIDIC PSM Code Sub-theme Core project indicator Fresh waterFisheriesMonitoring of changes in annual catch of Satsukimasu (Red-spotted trout) Relevance to project Effects of project on annual catch of Satsukimasu (Red-spotted trout) Countermeasure Construction of three kinds of fishways Project indicator Changes in annual average catch of Satsukimasu (Red-spotted trout) after commencement of operations Project evaluation Slightly decreased, but not significant.

20 (3) Environmental Dimension – Fish Preservation Theme FIDIC PSM Code Sub-theme Core project indicator Biodiversity EN-17 SpeciesMeasurement of the affect of project on the abundance of key species - Ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis) Relevance to project Effects of project on abundance of key species Countermeasure Construction of three kinds of fishways Project indicator Changes in upstream migration of Ayu Project evaluation Slightly decreased, but not significant.

21 (4) Comprehensive Evaluation Human loss due to floods after commencement of operations Concentration of chlorophyll a in stored water Changes in annual average catch of red-spotted trout after commencement of operations Concentration of BOD in water bodies affected by project Concentration of DO in water bodies affected by project Changes in upstream migration of Ayu Damaged households by floods after commencement of operations Water demand coverage during droughts after commencement of operations Social Dimension Environmental Dimension Economic Dimension

22 Proposal on PSM Indicators for Infrastructure Projects ►Indicators for projects in developed countries ►Indicators on external communication with stakeholders ►PSM for operation phase ►Indicator weights