Water Pollution

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Water Pollution “introduction of chemical, physical, biological agents into water that degrade the water quality and adversely affect the organisms that depend on the water.”

Two types of Water Pollution Point Source “pollution discharged from a single source.” Non-Point Source “ pollution that comes from many different sources and is often difficult to identify ”

Point Source Pollution Look at Table 3 on page 304 What are 3 sources of POINT SOURCE POLLUTION? - often traced to ONE source - Enforcing clean up can still be difficult!

Non-Point Source Pollution Runoff can carry pollutants into a stream Look at Table 4 on page 305 List several sources of Non-Point Source pollution - Extremely difficult to regulate and control. - 96% of water pollution comes from non-point source pollution

Principal Water Pollutants Look at Table 5 on page 306 Pathogens Organic matter Organic Chemicals Inorganic Chemicals Heavy Metals Physical Agents

Waste Water “Water that contains waste from homes or industry” Treated so it can be released to a river or lake Sewage sludge: solid material that remains after treatment. Considered Hazardous Waste. Often incinerated and ash is buried. New uses: Fertilizer? bricks for buildings?

Steps: 1. Filtration - 1. Filtration - wastewater 2. First Settling Tank – 2. First Settling Tank – smaller particles sink to the bottom called Sewage Sludge. 3. Aeration Tank – 3. Aeration Tank – mixed with oxygen and bacteria. Bacteria will use oxygen to feed on wastes. 4. Second Settling Tank – 4. Second Settling Tank – bacteria grown in aeration tanks removed (as sludge) 5. Chlorination – 5. Chlorination –chlorine added to disinfect water before its released to lakes, rivers, oceans, etc.

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Artificial Eutrophiciation

Dead zones

Thermal Pollution Due to increase in temperature of the water Can occur when power plants and other industries use water in cooling systems and then discharge the warm water into a lake or river. As temperature of water increase, dissolved oxygen decreases. This creates suffocation of fish. This oxygen deprived river will flow into over larger bodies of water which will change entire ecosystems.

Groundwater Pollution Usually from percolated polluted surface water Sources Sources: pesticides, herbicides, chemical fertilizers, and petroleum Major Source Major Source: is millions of underground storage tanks that may be leaking.

Cleaning up Groundwater Pollution GW is one of the most challenging problems If cleaned, it would still remain polluted for generations If aquifers get polluted, an attempt to clean them is hard since pollution clings to rock and sand – which will continue to pollute clean water.

Now complete the ws

Ocean Pollution Ships can legally dump wastewater and garbage overboard in some parts of the ocean. 85% comes from on land 85% of ocean pollutants contain oil, toxic waste, medical waste – which comes from on land. Affects sensitive coastal ecosystems the most

Great Garbage Patch

Oil Spills 5% Accidental Oil Spills 5% nonpoint sources Most oil comes from cities/towns – millions galls of oil from nonpoint sources

Effects on the ecosystems and organisms

Water Systems and Ecosystems Some ecosystems limit the amount of fish that people can eat

Cleaning up Water Pollution Clean Water Act 1972 To “restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation’s waters.”