Pull out the blue textbook under your desk & open it up to page 335

R34-B When you finish the Map Activity, hand it in to me & pull out R34-B & turn to the back

The Treaty of Versailles (1919) The Authors: (Right to Left) Woodrow Wilson – President of U.S.A. David Lloyd George – UK Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando – Italian Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau – French Prime Minister The Location: Versailles, France The Hall of Mirrors < 6/28/1919 Today>

The Terms Germany had to pay reparations to the victors Total Balance Due: 132 Billion Gold Marks ($31.5 Billion) Germany Lost Some Territory Alsace-Lorraine was given to France Parts of Prussia were given to the new nation of Poland Germany had to Break Down Defense All war materials were to be given to the Allies Army had to be no larger than 100,000 men R34-B For German Reaction w/ Primary Sources

The Depression hits Germany In the later part of the 1920’s things were getting a bit better in Germany. The US was giving Germany loans to pay off their reparations. BUT…… When the US Stock Market crashed in 1929, the US called in it’s debts. Germany started printing money to pay for it & the “Reichmark” lost its value (inflation). Inflation coupled w/ high unemployment led to an economic depression in Germany that exceeded the negative effects felt in other countries. Extreme poverty, hunger, suffering, and desperation took hold in Germany.

The Effect The German Economy COLLAPSED Many Germans were jobless, desperate, hungry, & hopeless. The little money that people did have lost its value. The German People Were: Humiliated Defenseless Disappointed Angry & Broke

Europe 1919

Today’s Standard(s) SS6H7 The student will explain conflict and change in Europe to the 21st century. a. Describe major developments following World War I: the Russian Revolution, the Treaty of Versailles, world-wide depression, and the rise of Nazism.

(R35) The Inter-War Years

The Inter-War Years To symbolize the end of WWI, the allied and central powers signed the Versailles Treaty. Under the terms of this treaty, Germany was forced to pay reparations to the allied nations & give up some territory. These reparations plunged Germany into an economic depression.

The Inter-War Years Many Germans felt betrayed by their leaders who signed the treaty. The conditions in Germany kept getting worse. Many people were unemployed and hungry. The people of Germany were desperate for change.

The Inter-War Years Many political parties emerged promising to change the situation in Germany if they were given power. One such party was called the National Socialist German Workers’ Party, also known as the NAZI PARTY

The Inter-War Years The Nazi Party, led by Adolf Hitler, blamed Jews and others for the problems facing Germany. They promised to make Germany strong again, if the people would support them.

The Inter-War Years The majority of Germans supported the Nazi Party, because they promised to improve the economy, and end unemployment and hunger. In 1933, Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany by president Hindenburg.

Reichstag Fire A month after Hitler became Chancellor, the Reichstag was set on fire.( )

The Enabling Act & the Beginning of Dictatorship The “Enabling Act” of 1933 gave Hitler “temporary” autocratic powers to protect Germany from these so-called communist terrorists that he claimed were trying to plunge Germany into chaos. This was only supposed to be temporary, but Hitler held this power to the end.

Reichstag fire clip

Cleaning House Dachau was built in 1933 to hold political dissidents (people that opposed the Nazi Party & Hitler), like Communists. In the early years of Nazi Germany these were just meant to hold people & keep them out of German society. This helped Hitler eliminate political rivals. As time went on, their function became more terrifying.

Night of the Long Knives June 30 th - July 2 nd, 1934 Hitler had many of potential political enemies & threats (mostly Nazi SA “Brown-Shirts” that helped him come to power) killed by his SS.

The Inter-War Years Once in power, Hitler moved to keep the economic promises he had made to the German people. He enacted many different public works projects to both modernize the country and give people jobs.

The Inter-War Years These projects did help the economy and the Hitler-friendly people of Germany were doing better. Hitler had kept his promises, and many Germans loved him for it.

The Inter-War Years While Hitler was openly basking in the adoration of the people, he was secretly rebuilding Germany’s military. This was not legal, according to the terms of the Versailles Treaty. Hitler guessed that the allies would not stop them. …….He was right

The Inter-War Years Once Hitler has secured the admiration of his people by fixing the economy and unemployment, he wanted to “clean” Germany of “socially undesirable” people. Anything short of the Nazi version perfection was unacceptable.

The Inter-War Years According to Hitler, socially undesirables included: Physically Handicapped Mentally Handicapped Jews Gypsies & Anybody that didn’t agree with Nazi beliefs

The Inter-War Years The Nazi’s began to exclude anything they considered “un-German” from German society. They began to get rid of college professors, clergy, and teachers who questioned their policies by sending them to concentration camps.

The Inter-War Years In 1935, Nazi Germany passed the Nuremburg Laws, which stripped Jews of German citizenship, prohibited them from public employment. Later, the government required them to wear a badge of identification or an armband.

The Inter-War Years The pre-war climax of Nazi aggression against the Jews occurred on November 9-10, Kristallnacht This was the “Kristallnacht,” or “night of broken glass.” Supporters of Hitler roamed around Germany destroying Jewish businesses, beating up & killing Jews, & burning down synagogues.

The Inter-War Years The leaders of the world didn’t particularly like Hitler, but they were afraid of creating another world war. Ultimately, Hitler would force the world to act.

NAZI GERMANY Ernst RohmHeinrich Himmler Joachim Von Ribbentrop Joseph Goebbels Reinhard Heydrich

Hermann Goering Joseph Goebbels Rudolf Hess Martin Bormann

Rise of Nazi Germany