Renewable Energy Technologies Renewable Energy Technologies Ressources naturelles Canada Natural Resources Canada CANMET- EDRL  Wind Energy  Small Hydro  Solar Photovoltaic Photovoltaic Solar Water Heating Solar Water Heating Passive Solar Heating Passive Solar Heating Solar Air Heating Solar Air Heating  Biomass  Ground-Source Heat Pumps  Emerging technologies

Wind Energy Worldwide installed capacity: 10,000 MW Canadian: 126 MW (25,200 homes) Remote communities: 630 kW (210 homes)

Wind Energy u Needs: Good winds Good winds Coastal areas, hilltops, E-W valleys Coastal areas, hilltops, E-W valleys u Minimum average windspeed : 4.5 m/s at 10 metres 4.5 m/s at 10 metres u 3 types of wind energy systems: central grid central grid isolated grid isolated grid off-grid off-grid 750 kW machine

Wind Energy 2 X 80 kW turbines Kugluktuk, NWT u Capital cost: $1, ,000/kW u Cost of energy: $ 0.05 to 0.20/kWh u Economy of scale u Payback: years

Wind Energy Operational considerations u Technology proven u Low operation and maintenance costs u Trained operator needed u Repairs require special expertise u Other considerations

Small Hydro

u 3 configurations: dam dam run of river run of river diversion diversion Small hydro plant installed in rural Quebec

Small Hydro u 1,500 MW existing/1,500 MW potential in Canada u Power output depends on the available water (flow) and the head (drop in elevation) u Capital cost: $ 1, ,000 / kW u Cost of energy: $ 0.05 to 0.20 / kWh u Maintenance: $ / kWh u Payback: 10 to 40 years

Small Hydro Operational considerations u Proven technology in wide use u Stand alone system u Low maintenance costs u Environmental fish and flooding fish and flooding u Ownership/shared use u Utility regulations

Direct conversion of sunlight electricity Photovoltaics (PV)

Nunavut Arctic College Iqaluit, Nunavut PV Power 3.5 kWp Photovoltaics (PV) u Worldwide installed capacity: about 800 MWp u Canadian installed capacity: 4.5 MWp u Wherever sun shines Off-grid, remote, north Off-grid, remote, north More energy More energy at lower temperatures at lower temperatures u Stand-alone with battery storage

Tanquary Fiord (81° N), Ellesmere Island, Nunavut u Capital cost:$ 5, ,000 / kW u Capital cost: $ 5, ,000 / kW u Cost of energy: $ 0.37 to 4.50 / kWh u No economy of scale u Payback: 0 to 70 years Photovoltaics (PV)

Operational considerations u Technology proven u Many applications cottages cottages remote camps remote camps communications communications navigation signals navigation signals water pumping water pumping u Low operation and maintenance costs u Repairs may require special expertise Photovoltaics (PV)

Passive Solar Heating Building elements are used to collect, store and distribute solar heat internally.

Passive Solar Heating u Supplying energy in the heating season u Solar gains available through south facing windows facing windows u Best to use high efficiency windows u Store heat within building structure u Can reduce heating cost to less than half u Payback: 0 to 10 years

Passive Solar Heating Waterloo Green Home, Waterloo, Ontario

Passive Solar Heating Operational considerations u Technology proven u Viable at any latitude u For new construction - no cost increase u For retrofit - low cost u No additional operation and maintenance costs

Solar Water Heating Solar radiation is captured by a solar collector. A circulating fluid transfers this energy to a storage tank. Heat is transferred from storage tank to hot water tank.

Solar Water Heating Building Application u Wherever the sun shines u 13,000 active solar domestic hot water systems in Canada u 300 commercial & industrial systems & industrial systems in Canada in Canada

Solar Water Heating u 30,000,000 m² of collectors worldwide u Costs : $ 3, ,000 installed for a typical for a typical Canadian house Canadian house hot water system hot water system u Payback: 5 to 12 years 5 to 12 years Solar Water Heating for Salmon Hatchery Fanny Bay, Vancouver Island, B.C. Collector

Solar Water Heating Operational considerations u Technology proven u Viable at any latitude u New and retrofit applications u Operation and maintenance costs - medium level u Repair by qualified plumber u Freeze protection required

Solar Air Heating Cold air is heated as it passes through small holes in the metal absorber plate. A fan circulates this heated air through the building.

Solar Air Heating u Reduces building heat loss during heat loss during the winter the winter u Good indoor air quality quality 150 m² on Recreation Center, Fort Smith, NWT

Solar Air Heating u Energy savings $ /m² of collector (during heating season) $ /m² of collector (during heating season) u Payback: 1 to 10 years 1 to 10 years Bombardier plant, St-Laurent, Quebec

Solar Air Heating Operational considerations u Technology proven u Need south facing wall area  15 m² u Current applications - institutional, commercial and industrial buildings u Particulary suitable for new construction u Low operation and maintenance costs u No specialist required depending on system

Biomass u Traditional fuel 1.5 million houses in Canada 1.5 million houses in Canada 6% of Canada energy’s supply 6% of Canada energy’s supply u Biomass fuel types wood, agricultural, municipal wood, agricultural, municipal wastes and sewage wastes and sewage u Common applications space heating space heating electricity generation electricity generation industrial process heating industrial process heating u Resource management

Residential wood heating u Equipment selection u Installation u Operation u Safety Biomass

Biomass Larger systems u Building/district heating u Electricity generation u Fuel types u Typical cost: 160 kW = $80, kW = $80,000 u $1.85 to 2.90/MBtu u Typical paybacks: 2-12 years 2-12 years u Operator qualifications and safety and safety Small-commercial biomass heating system Prince Edward Island

Ground-Source Heat Pumps u Large potential in Canada u Capital cost $ 900 /kW u Cost of energy : $ 0.03 to /kWh $ 0.03 to /kWh

Ground-Source Heat Pumps u 30,000 Ground-Source heat pumps in residences in Canada u 3,000+ units in industrial and commercial buildings

Ground-Source Heat Pumps Residential ground-source heat pump installation

Ground-Source Heat Pumps Operational considerations u Technology proven u New / retrofit applications u High front end cost u Operational and maintenance costs - low level

Emerging technologies u Solar thermal power u Ocean thermal power u Tidal power u Ocean current power u Wave power

Conclusion u Focus has been on applications with immediate potential with immediate potential that offer practical benefits to users that offer practical benefits to users u But there are specific considerations u Lots of success stories u Lots of information, help and resources available

Testimonials “Our traditional Cree values and practices emphasize conservation and respect for the environment”. “Our housing here in Ouje-Bougoumou is R-2000 plus”. “The district heating system is making it possible for our housing program to be self-sufficient”. Chief Abel Bosum, Ouje-bougoumou Chief Abel Bosum, Ouje-bougoumou

Where next u Expertise u Preliminary feasibility studies (RETScreen) u Financing u More information

u Microsoft Excel spreadsheet (easy-to-use & low cost) u User manual & supporting databases databases u Decision-support & capacity-building tool capacity-building tool u Available free-of-charge (French & English) (French & English) RETScreen Renewable Energy Project Analysis Software

Solar Resource, Heating Load, Hydrology, etc. Sub-Worksheet Product database Weather databases Online manual RETScreen Software: Integrated & Standardised Tool EnergyModelWorksheet CostAnalysisWorksheetFinancialSummaryWorksheet Sensitivity Analysis

Benefits of RETScreen u Significantly reduces assessment costs and time - at least 1 order of magnitude! u Allows quick identification and/or verification of EE/RET project implementation opportunities leading to a reduction in GHG emissions and energy costs u Helps overcome major barrier by increasing consideration of EE/RETs by planners and decision-makers -- EE/RET projects may not be considered otherwise!

Common Platform For Assessing Potential Projects

How do I get RETScreen?

Information sources u CANMET Energy Diversification Research Laboratory (CEDRL) Web Site: u Provincial and Territorial Energy Offices Ressources naturelles Canada Natural Resources Canada CANMET- EDRL

Information sources u Natural Resources Canada through the: Energy Technology Branch Web site: Renewable and Electrical Energy Division Web Site: Office of Energy Efficiency Tel.: Web Site:

Information sources u Trade Associations: SESCI Web Site: newenergy.org/newenergy/sesci.html CANSIA Web Site: newenergy.org/newenergy/cansia.html CANWEA Web Site: