RF ICs and mm-Wave ICs Saurabh Sinha, PhD (Eng) Microelectronics & Electronics Group University of Pretoria, South Africa Saturday, 22 April 2017 Departement Elektriese, Elektroniese & Rekenaar-Ingenieurswese Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering Kgoro ya Merero ya Mohlagase, Elektroniki & Bointšinere bja Khomphutha

Carl and Emily Fuchs Institute for Microelectronics CEFIM Founded in 1981 after receiving a grant from Carl and Emily Fuchs (1972 to 1981 Institute for Microstructures) THE MOST IMPORTANT PEOPLE ARE OUR GRADUATE STUDENTS 2

The Microelectronics & Electronics Research Group Director & Professor: Prof. Monuko du Plessis, Pr Eng (INSiAVA (Pty) ltd) Associate Professor: Prof. Saurabh Sinha, Pr Eng Lecturers: Johan Schoeman Jannes Venter Junior lecturers: Hannetjie Nell Bongani Mabuza Lindani Tshibe (part-time) Post-Docs.: Dr Jevgēņijs Golovins (Latvia) [Vacancy] Visiting researchers: Dr Alina Cismaru (IMT, Romania) Dr Alexandra Ştefănescu (IMT, Romania) Researchers: Alfons Bogalecki (INSiAVA (Pty) ltd) Marius Goosen (INSiAVA (Pty) ltd) Project manager: Gerrie Mostert (INSiAVA (Pty) ltd) #Postgraduate students (PhD and MEng/MSc): Approx. 20 #Undergraduate project students (BEng Year IV): Approx. 20 3

Postgraduate Courses EIN 732 Introduction to Research Prof. J.A.G. Malherbe EME 732 Analogue Electronic Design Prof. M. du Plessis EDG 780 Digital Electronic Design Prof. S. Sinha, Mr J. Schoeman, Mr P.J. Venter DPSS, CSIR EMK 732 Communication Electronics EPT 732 Research project – Theory Study leader/Student dependent ERL 732 Research project – Design and laboratory EEY 890/1 Dissertation (MEng / MSc) EIN 990/1 Thesis (PhD (Eng) / PhD) 4

Focus Areas & International Research Partners CMOS / Si device manufacture  INSiAVA (Pty) ltd Georgia Tech, Atlanta, USA Others RF, RF MEMS and mm-wave ICs IMT, Bucharest, Romania Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany University of Electronic Sciences and Technology, China Sogang University, South Korea ICE Laboratory, Georgia Tech., USA Non-linear RF Lab, Ohio State University, USA MEMS simulation and manufacture IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Germany 5

Peer-reviewed Research Outputs Year Book Chapter(s) in books Journals (Published) (Accepted) International Conferences Local Conferences 2005 2 4 8 2006 1 2007 12 2008 3 9 2009 10 26 2010 7 6

Aspects of RF System Integration 7

Prototyping ○ IC Foundries A [CMP] Wafer Europractice (Belgium) MOSIS (USA) CMP (France) AMS AMI TSMC UMC IHP IBM CSMC OMMIC ST IC FOUNDRIES CEFIM 8

RF Circuit Building Blocks 9

Conservative versus Innovative Approach Hybrid system 3D Structures cm-Dimensions Diversity of Materials Good ac Isolation Known good component yield RF Ground Plane Integrated RF system Planar, Quasi-2D Structures Sub-mm Dimensions VLSI Technology Material Set Coupling through lossy Silicon Integrated circuit yield Quasi-Floating Ground Innovative Approach Conservative Approach Low-loss substrate Micromachined structures Wafer-level packaging Unaltered VLSI technology Circuit level innovation 10

System Component Statistics 11

Hierarchy of RF Passives 12

Discrete vs. Distributed 13

High Performance Low-Power Two Partition IC High Performance Low-Power Low Cost SiGe HBT Analogue CMOS Digital CMOS Chip 1: RF SiGe HBT, IF CMOS; Chip 2 – Baseband analogue & digital (all CMOS) 14

Graduate Projects (2010) 2010: 2011: 9 Caucasian 9 Caucasian Project Titles Student Course 1. A Low Phase Noise CMOS based Digital PLL Gert Veale M.Eng 2. A SiGe BiCMOS LNA for mm-Wave Applications Christo Janse van Rensburg 3. A Temperature Stabilized High-Performance CMOS VCO for Ultra-Low Voltage Operations Johny Sebastian 4. A Wideband Linear SiGe BiCMOS LNA for Ku-Band Receivers Marnus Weststrate 5. A Zero IF Receiver for mm-Wave Applications Antonie Alberts 6. Design Methods for Integrated Switching-Mode Power Amplifiers Mladen Božanić 7. EEPROM Switches for Post-Assembly Tuning Bongani Mabuza 8. Improving Gain Utilising Floating Shielding for Power Amplifiers at mm-Wave Frequencies Lindani Tshibe 9. Improving Linearity Utilising Analogue Predistortion for Power Amplifiers at mm-Wave Frequencies Joe Valliarampath 10. Modelling of transceiver propagation characteristics through an analogue SiGe BiCMOS circuit Wynand Lambrechts PhD (Eng) 11. Power Efficient High Speed Analogue-to-Digital Converter in SiGe BiCMOS Nicolaas Fauré 12. Range and Sensitivity Improvement of Infrared Detectors Using CMOS Technology Johan Venter 13. Reducing jitter utilising adaptive pre-emphasis FIR filter for high speed serial links Marius Goosen 14. SiGe Based Multiple-Phase VCO Operating for mm-Wave Frequencies Deepa George PhD 15. Spurious Free Dynamic Range Enhancement of High Speed Integrated Digital to Analogue Converters Reeshen Reddy M.Eng (2011) 6 (African, Coloured, Indian) 9 Caucasian 2010: 2011: 9 (African, Coloured, Indian) 9 Caucasian 15

A 5 GHz VCO with 360° Variable Phase Outputs Vector Sum 90° VGA + In-phase Quadrature Vcontrol_I Vcontrol_Q + - 16

A 5 GHz SiGe CMOS Voltage Controlled Oscillator with Reduced Phase Noise 17

Metal Layer Shunting (I) 18

Metal Layer Shunting (II) 19

Newer technologies (I) 20

Newer technologies (II) Quality Factor Minimum Line Width (m) 21

Business Enterprises at University of Pretoria (Pty) Ltd (BE at UP) offers the Switch-mode Power Amplifier Design Tool and Inductance Calculator (PA Design Tool and Inductance Calculator). As a result of a dissertation, a MATLAB script was developed, whereby the script/application can be used to design inductors for high frequency integrated circuit power amplifiers. The “PA Design Tool and Inductance Calculator” consists of two stand-alone applications: switch-mode power amplifier (PA) design tool for the design of Class-E and Class-F PAs (paprog.m); as well as an inductance calculator (indcal2.m) for the design of spiral inductors. Although the latter is meant to be used as an expansion of the former, it can also be used separately to design spiral inductors for any applications that might be needed: including DC-to-DC converters, low noise amplifiers (LNAs), etc. The tool has the ability to export complete PA design netlist in SPICE format recognised by most microelectronics design tools, including but not limited to Tanner Tools and Cadence Virtuoso. This netlist can be used in schematic generation and simulation and is therefore capable of handling complete PA design flow. The software is a secondary outcome resulting from the dissertation of Mladen Božanić, a postgraduate student at the Carl & Emily Fuchs Institute for Microelectronics (CEFIM), a centre of the Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa BE at UP is a company wholly owned by the University of Pretoria and provides and facilitates easy access to a multidisciplinary range of contract research and consulting expertise at the University. For more information, please contact: Business Enterprises at University of Pretoria (Pty) Ltd (BE at UP) Ms Ilana Small Telephone: 012 420 5078/4245 E-mail: ilana.small@up.ac.za Website: www.be.up.co.za/pa-inductance-calculator 22

University of Pretoria ○ Selected listing of funded projects (contract research) Grintek Ewation 2 Project (1-2 years) A 5 GHz SiGe CMOS Voltage Controlled Oscillator with Reduced Phase Noise (delivered) A Zero IF Receiver for mm-Wave Applications (contract awarded) Defence, Peace, Safety & Security (DPSS), CSIR Armscor (Origin: DoD) 5 Student Postgraduate Projects (1-2 years each) A 5 GHz Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) with 360° Variable Phase Outputs (delivered) Reducing Jitter in High-Speed Serial Links (completed) A Linear SiGe BiCMOS LNA for Wide Band Receivers (completed) A SiGe BiCMOS LNA for mm-Wave Applications (in progress) Power Efficient High Speed Analogue-to-Digital Converter in SiGe BiCMOS (in progress) 23

Feedback/questions Prof. Saurabh Sinha, Pr Eng, SMIEEE Carl & Emily Fuchs Institute for Microelectronics Dept.: Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering University of Pretoria Pretoria 0002 SOUTH AFRICA Tel: +27-(12)-420-2950 / 082-777-6893 E-mail: ssinha@ieee.org 24