Imperialism

Imperialism Domination of one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region

Causes Economic interests Political and Military Humanitarian and Religious Goals Social Darwinism

Economic Interests Overseas expansion Wanted natural resources New markets of consumers Place for growing population

Political and Military Needed bases to get supplies Nationalism National security Prestige

Humanitarian and Religious Missionaries Doctors

Social Darwinism Survival of the fittest for human societies Racial superiority Improving human species

3 C’s Commerce Christianity Civilization

Types of Rule Direct rule Indirect rule Protectorate

Direct Rule Send officials to rule Impose culture on colonies

Indirect Rule Used local ruler Used military force if necessary

Protectorate Local rulers European advisors

Africa in Early 1800s Nearly 3 times the size of Europe Hundreds of languages Varied governments

Slave Trade European nations outlawed transatlantic slave trade Continued to Asia

David Livingstone Explorer and missionary Explored interior of Africa Opposed slave trade

Henry Stanley Explored interior of Africa Explored Congo for King Leopold II

Cecil Rhodes Supported imperialism in Africa Helped Britain expand empire Promoted separation of races

Berlin Conference Held to avoid bloodshed No Africans invited European power couldn’t claim land unless it had government office there

France Took large share of Africa Colonies in West and Central Africa

Britain Heavily populated regions with rich resources West and East Africa Clashed with Boers

Boer War 1899-1902 In South Africa Guerrilla fighting British won

Resistance Armed resistance Yaa Asantewaa Queen of Asante Led fight against British

Ethiopia Menelik II Latest weapons and European officers Modernized Ethiopia Latest weapons and European officers Battle of Adowa smashed Italian invaders Preserved independence

African Elite New class emerged Admired Western ways Clashed with traditions