British Imperialism in India

India

Hindus and Muslims ONE OF THE WORLD’S OLDEST CIVILISATION

Hindu Marriage Ceremony

World’s largest Hindu temple

ISLAMIC MOGUL EMPIRE

Great Britain in India 1600’s Great Britain set up trading posts through out India

British East India Company 1800’s: company operated in India with no regulation by British government 1800’s: company operated in India with no regulation by British government company had its own army company had its own army Company army led by Company army led by British army officers

“Jewel in the Crown” British forbade India from trading on its own with other countries British forbade India from trading on its own with other countries India was forced to produce raw materials for only Britain and to buy finished products from only Britain India was forced to produce raw materials for only Britain and to buy finished products from only Britain Indian competition with British finished products was forbidden Indian competition with British finished products was forbidden

“Jewel in the Crown” Britain set up a railroad network to take raw materials from inside India to its ports Britain set up a railroad network to take raw materials from inside India to its ports

Raw Materials Taken from India Tea Tea Indigo (dye for clothing) Indigo (dye for clothing)

Raw Materials Taken from India Coffee Coffee Cotton Cotton

Raw Materials Taken from India Jute (fiber for making rope) Opium (plant that heroin is made from) Opium (plant that heroin is made from)

Sepoys Indians who joined British armies in India Indians who joined British armies in India Resented by other Indians Resented by other Indians

SOMETIMES THERE WERE ONLY A HANDFUL OF BRITISH AMONGST MILLIONS.

Positives for India Great Britain laid the world’s third largest railroad network in India Great Britain laid the world’s third largest railroad network in India British brought fair and efficient government to India British brought fair and efficient government to India Modern road Modern roadnetwork ■ Telephone and telegraph lines Dams, bridges, canals Dams, bridges, canals Sanitation and public health improved Sanitation and public health improved Schools/ Schools/ colleges founded Truces between Truces between local warring rulers in India

Negatives for India British held all political and economic power British held all political and economic power British restricted Indian- owned industries British restricted Indian- owned industries Cash crops made it impossible for small farmers to produce enough food for themselves Cash crops made it impossible for small farmers to produce enough food for themselves Racist attitudes of most British officials and missionaries threatened Indian traditional life Racist attitudes of most British officials and missionaries threatened Indian traditional life

Indians Rebel By 1850 most Indians resented that Great Britain owned their country By 1850 most Indians resented that Great Britain owned their country Indians were angry at attempts to forcefully convert them to Christianity Indians were angry at attempts to forcefully convert them to Christianity Indians were angry Britain controlled all useful land in their country Indians were angry Britain controlled all useful land in their country ■ Indians were angry at the constant racism expressed towards them by the British

Indian National Congress 1885 Made up of Hindus; called for self-government Made up of Hindus; called for self-government upset that Britain segregated Bengal (Indian city) into Muslim section and Hindu section in 1905 upset that Britain segregated Bengal (Indian city) into Muslim section and Hindu section in 1905 INC led acts of violence against British in Bengal INC led acts of violence against British in Bengal 1911 Britain changed the order of segregation 1911 Britain changed the order of segregation

Mohandas Gandhi ( ) Gandhi preached/practiced Civil Disobedience Gandhi preached/practiced Civil Disobedience deliberate and public refusal to obey any unjust law deliberate and public refusal to obey any unjust law rebellion without violence rebellion without violence 1920 Indian National Congress officially adopts Gandhi’s policy as a means to push for independence 1920 Indian National Congress officially adopts Gandhi’s policy as a means to push for independence

Mohandas Gandhi ( ) Gandhi’s Plan for Civil Disobedience: Gandhi’s Plan for Civil Disobedience: Refuse to buy British goods Refuse to buy British goods Refuse to attend British schools Refuse to attend British schools Refuse to pay British taxes Refuse to pay British taxes Refuse to vote in elections Refuse to vote in elections Indians weave their own Indians weave their own cloth (to put British cloth out of business)