Industrialization & Imperialism: The Making of the European Global Order Chapter 24

Map Exercise 24.1 European Colonial Territories, Before and After 1800 (page 570) 1. The World in 1763 a. What was the largest European Empire? b. Which European nations had overseas empires? 2. The World in 1830 a. Which European nation had the largest empire? b. Which European nations had largely lost their empires? c. What events between 1763 & 1830 would account for their changes?

1. Early expansions prior to 1800 Map Exercise 24.2 & 24.3 The Stages of Dutch Expansion in Java (page 571) The Growth of the British Empire in India (page 573) 1. Early expansions prior to 1800 a. What lands did the British & Dutch control? b. How would you describe the pattern of acquisition & control? 2. Expansion after 1800 a. What patterns did British & Dutch pursue in acquiring colonies? b. What would be the benefit of having allies & dependent states?

Map Exercise 24.4 The Partition of Africa (page 579) 1. Map around 1870 a. Which European nations control what areas? b. Describe the pattern of settlement. c. What might account for this pattern of control? 2. Map around 1914 a. Which 2 states have gotten the largest African empires? b. What other states have African empires? c. Why might Germany be considered a “spoiler” in Africa?

Land empires in Asia early partition of world haphazard officials would expand authority then report home Dutch in Java 1. pay tribute 2. monopoly on spices 3. support winner of Mataram throne 4. regularly intervene 5. gain land

British rule in India pivotal much like Dutch in Java British East India Company Mughal Empire disintegrates British intervene with sepoys global rivalry with French Plassey (1757) - control of Bengal

Consolidation of British Rule Presidencies – Calcutta, Madras, Bombay - directly govern territories other regions controlled by agents in Indian court 19th c. – major colonial possession Sepoys Indian ports - raw materials - markets for manufactured goods - overseas investment

Social reform early colonial society – leave Asian social systems intact formed new “top” class previous rulers do administrative work accommodate to indigenous culture Social reform late 18th century - corruption in BEI Co reforms - made more accountable to British govt re-make Indian society

Industrial Rivalries industrialization increases Western military superiority Western nations become unchallenged masters of other civilizations - increase economic competition - increase political rivalries British dominate til 1850 - then Belgium, France, Germany & US

Colonial Wars mass produced weapons machine guns railroads steamships few natives could compete 1914 – all Africa fallen to Europeans - Liberia & Ethiopia not colonies - SE Asia – only Siam free - China, Persia & Middle east unoccupied - yet strong Euro influence

Patterns of Dominance tropical dependencies - Africa, Asia & Sth Pacific - few Europeans rule many indigenous White Dominions - Canada & Australia - inhabited mostly by Europeans, few natives - 19th century – self government contested settler colonies - Sth Africa, Algeria, New Zealand, Kenya, Hawaii - Europeans & indigenous clash over control & culture

Colonial Regimes Europeans exploit ethnic & cultural divisions minorities favored small numbers of Euros administer indigenous officials work at local levels European racial prejudices Asians - more opportunities stunt growth of middle class

Changing social relations tension b/t ruler & ruled - live in segregated communities - laws against miscegenation white supremacy Shifts in Economies introduction in late 1800s of new agricultural techniques work harder to produce more

- cheap consumer goods - increased taxation - forced labor reduced to dependence on Euro nations railroads & roads for transport of raw materials export crops profits to Europe

Settler Colonies parallels between Canada, Australia & Sth Africa temperate climates, few diseases Australia - British - 1840s - stay on coast - drove indigenous inland - thinly populated - little resistance - peaceful, self-governing Canada - British - 1600s - move inland - drove indigenous inland - some resistance - Anglo-French friction - peaceful, self-governing Sth Africa - Afrikaners - 1600s - stay on coast - thinly populated - little resistance - enslaved & interbred - conflict b/t British & Afrikaners - Afrikaners move inland, form 2 republics

Pacific demographic disaster social disruption New Zealand – 1790s - Maoris suffer, disease, alcoholism - adjust, Christianity, farming - 1850s – pushed to interior - use legal, political & education systems to protect culture Hawaii – 1770s - Kamehameha works with British - royalty adopts western ways - encourage export & western business - Christianity - Americans take over 1898