A T THE C LINIC – E NDOCRINE S YSTEM Heidi Kim Carol Kim.

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A T THE C LINIC – E NDOCRINE S YSTEM Heidi Kim Carol Kim

S CENARIO # 10 Patrick was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus on his 8 th birthday. His 65-year aunt was just diagnosed with diabetes also. Patrick is having a hard time understanding why he need injections, while his aunt controls her blood sugar with diet and oral medication. Why is his aunt’s treatment different from his?

W HAT IS DIABETES ? Diabetes is classed as a metabolism disorder. Metabolism refers to the way our bodies use digested food for energy and growth Most of what we eat is broken down in to glucose (form of sugar in our blood) Insulin makes it possible for our cells to take in the glucose Insulin is a hormone that is produced by the pancreas.

T YPE 1 D IABETES Also known as juvenile diabetes because of its tendency to strike a person in their childhood up to their early adulthood. Sometimes also known as insulin Dependent Diabetes as a person with this condition is reliant upon insulin injections to survive.

C AUSE FOR TYPE 1 DIABETES The cause for type 1 diabetes is usually pancreatic failure due to what is known as an “auto immune” malfunction Autoimmunity is where our immune system mistakenly attacks realty cells or tissues within the body much in the same way as it would viral infection.

C AUSE FOR TYPE 1 DIABETES

O THER SYMPTOMS If blood sugar isn't raised quickly then a person can end up unconscious, in a coma, or even die in a very short space of time. Increased thirst Hunger Tiredness Increased urination Blurred vision Nausea Possibly even vomiting

T YPE 2 DIABETES Also known as “adult onset diabetes” because it was thought only adults developed this form of diabetes. It has been proven false as a number of children throughout the world now developed this type of diabetes.

C AUSE OF T YPE 2 D IABETES Unlike like type 1 diabetes it isn't the failure of pancreas but more due to obesity, poor diets, and unhealthy lifestyles. When people overload themselves with sugar the persistent blood sugar levels, and the insulin and pancreas can struggle to deal with the sugar. The insulin ushers the sugar into the muscles, but the muscles don’t burn the glucose off because there is no exercise.

O THER SYMPTOMS Type 2 diabetes symptoms may develop very slowly Increased thirst and frequent urination. Increased hunger. Weight loss. Fatigue Blurred vision. Slow-healing sores or frequent infections. Areas of darkened skin.

T REATMENTS Diet Exercise other health habits will help to improve blood sugar control