BELLWORK 1.What is nationalism? 2.How did nationalism influence imperialism? 3.How would imperialism lead to conflict between European powers? 4.What is an alliance? Why do countries or people make alliances? 5.Define mobilization. 6.THINKER: Why do countries go to war? Are there good and bad reasons? Explain!

WORLD WAR I “The Great War” “The War to End All Wars”

MAIN CAUSES OF WWI M ilitarism A lliances I mperialism N ationalism

MILITARISM Militarism: building up armed forces; getting ready for war. Includes military control of the government, increased spending, and army conscription (the draft). Created a massive arms race European Military Spending Year Millions of $

Militarism

ALLIANCES Alliance: agreement or promise to defend and help another country. In WWI, there were two alliances: Central Powers (Triple Alliance): Germany, Austria-Hungary, & Ottoman Empire Allied Powers (Triple Entente): Great Britain, France & Russia

Alliances

IMPERIALISM Imperialism: establishing political, economic and military dominance over weaker nations. After 1870, European powers acquired territories in Africa, Asia and the Pacific. These imperialistic rivalries led to bad relations between the powers, strengthening of alliances, and extreme hostility.

Imperialism

NATIONALISM Nationalism: devotion or loyalty to your nation. Two kinds of nationalism during WWI: 1.Oppressed groups’ desire for independence o Serbians oppressed by Austria-Hungary 2.Independent nation’s desire for dominance o European Empires (Austria-Hungary & Germany)

Nationalism

MAIN Causes 1.Germany wished to build her Empire. This is known as _____________. Germany also built up her armed forces – known as _____________. 2.Smaller countries, like the Slavic states, were under the domination of larger empires, like Austria-Hungary, which created a desire for independence, or _____________. 3.As Britain had the most powerful navy, she was worried about other countries building up their armed forces. We could call this a worry about _____________. In order to ease her worry, Britain made an _____________ with France, or an agreement to help defend. 4.Countries in Europe were very proud of themselves, and would defend their country as best as possible. This is known as ____________________.

In your opinion, which of the four causes had the biggest impact on starting WWI?

Outbreak of War The four MAIN causes had been building for years, but there was one direct event that pushed Europe into war……. The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand on June 28, To learn more about this event, you will read pages and complete the back of your note sheet. Be ready to discuss!

Princip Bridge: sight of Archduke Ferdinand’s assassination

CLOSURE For closure, fill out the diagram at the bottom of your note sheet. Use this to describe what led to the outbreak of WWI.

CLOSURE: Outbreak of War WORLD WAR I

Outbreak of War – Chain Reaction 1.Assassination of Ferdinand by Serbian nationalist. 2.Austria-Hungary retaliates on Serbia 3.Russia mobilizes because of their alliance 4.Germany joins in response to Russia 5.German forces sent into Belgium 6.France and Britain react

Schlieffen Plan What was the goal of the Schlieffen Plan? List three problems the Germans ran into with the Schlieffen Plan. How did the British and French respond to Germany’s invasion?

Trench Warfare Both sides would dig elaborate trenches facing each other. Result would be a stalemate situation- both sides stuck, neither able to attack because the other can defend so well. Men would charge across open fields rushing to the opposing side & be cut down with machine gun fire.

Trench Foot

Trench Rats Men killed in the trenches were buried where they fell. Large numbers of decomposing bodies filled up the trenches This attracted rats Rats were carriers of diseases, like malaria and influenza.

Diseases and Sanitation No proper system of waste disposal Soldiers would use tins to deposit waste and throw them over the trench. This lack of sanitation caused disease to spread rapidly.

Shellshock Also known as Combat Stress Reaction (CSR) In WWI, shell shock was considered a psychiatric illness resulting from injury to the nerves during combat The horrors of trench warfare meant that about 10% of the fighting soldiers were killed and the total proportion of troops who became casualties (killed or wounded) was 56%.

New weapons in WWI Tanks Machine Guns Mortars (shot a shell in a high arc over a relatively short distance) Flamethrowers Helmets Barbed Wire Mustard Gas

MUSTARD GAS

REVIEW Why were the first two years of WWI a stalemate? Describe the conditions in the trenches. How do you think the U.S. responds to WWI? What were the two alliances of WWI?