OPENING ACTIVITYOPENING ACTIVITY In your journal, list what you know about World War I. Things to think about: – Who was in it? – Why did it happen? – How was it different than previous wars? – Who won? – How did it change America forever? You can use sentences, bullet lists or diagrams – what ever works best for you. Title the writing WWI Warm Up 1.

ORIGINS OF WORLD WAR I ORIGINS OF WORLD WAR I Mr. Goddard | PLUSH | February 2009Mr. Goddard | PLUSH | February 2009

CAUSES OF WWI - REMEMBER MANIACAUSES OF WWI - REMEMBER MANIA Militarism – policy of building up strong military forces to prepare for war and their use as a tool of diplomacy. Militarism Alliances - agreements between nations to aid and protect one another Alliances Nationalism – pride in or devotion to one’s country Nationalism Imperialism – when one country takes over another country economically and politically Imperialism Assassination – murder of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand Assassination

THE CENTRAL POWERSTHE CENTRAL POWERS Germany – Triple Alliance Austria Hungary – Triple Alliance Italy – Triple Alliance Turkey Ottoman

GEOPOLITICS OF THE 1800SGEOPOLITICS OF THE 1800S Balance of power was maintained through diplomacy and occasional wars. The players were France, Britain, Austria- Hungary and Russia. Germany and Italy were not nations until the second half. Nationalism swept Europe in the second half of the 1800s.

BEFORE WWI THE MAP CHANGEDBEFORE WWI THE MAP CHANGED Notice the changes to Germany and Italy. Lets explore what happened…

GERMANY UNITES 1871GERMANY UNITES 1871 Under the foreign policies of Bismarck. Germany began to unify under Prussian leadership.

GERMANY GROWSGERMANY GROWS The creation of a single German state had been a long-standing ambition of most German-speaking peoples. This was achieved under the leadership of Prussia France had been the dominant European power before the creation of Germany. France had tried to stop unification by going to war with Prussia in She was humiliatingly defeated. Germany took the French provinces of Alsace & Lorraine. France wanted revenge. Germany made sure her armed forces were stronger than France’s

ITALY UNITES 1860ITALY UNITES 1860 Under Cavour, Italy changed from a bunch of little states to a full nation. Wanted lands in the Balkans. Not meaningful in the war.

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY Sick man at the European Empire party. She was defeated by Prussia in Pushed out of Western Europe and weakening the Austria-Hungary empire focused influence in Balkan area of southern Europe. Franz Joseph

ETHNIC GROUPINGETHNIC GROUPING The Austria-Hungary empire was a mess with a lot of internal divisions and decreasing ability to control its holdings. It had tons of different people with different ethnic and cultural backgrounds.

THE ALLIESTHE ALLIES France Russia Britain Later the United States

WHAT'S UP WITH FRANCEWHAT'S UP WITH FRANCE French Revolution Napoleon Dominant European power on land for almost 200 years. French defeat by the Germans was humiliating for French pride. She wanted revenge and began building up her armed forces.

TO THE EAST - RUSSIATO THE EAST - RUSSIA Russia was France’s most powerful continental rival during the Napoleonic Wars. She turned East and expanded into Asia Russia was a mess. She remained a peasant society while everyone else industrialized Her rulers or Tsars were wacky and ruled the people by oppression Later dropped out of War due to Communist Revolution

GREAT BRITIANGREAT BRITIAN First country to industrialize. Big advantage and was rich and powerful. Huge colonial holdings, over ¼ of earth’s territory. “The sun never set on the British Empire” With such a large empire the navy was her source of military strength. Britain cared about protecting and developing her trade. Britain stayed out of European political and military affairs. Only involved when she felt the “balance of power” was threatened.

SO WHAT CHANGED?SO WHAT CHANGED? 1888 Kaiser Wilhelm II took over ruling Germany. He was obsessed with Germany becoming a WORLD power. His actions increased tensions and distrust. He got rid of Bismarck. Everyone was worried about their actions. Germany was building troops to complete with France and then started building a Navy.

THE NAVAL RACE THE NAVAL RACE Germany challenged Britain’s naval supremacy. Germany used to be close to Britain. England’s, Germany’s and Russia’s rulers were related. Wilhelm’s ambitions for a world empire soured relations. Germany would need to build a large navy in order to acquire colonies. Britain was alarmed and there was a major naval arms race between them. By building a strong naval, Germany caused Britain to join France and Russia in the “Triple Entente” dreadnought

THE ARMS RACE BOTH LAND AND SEATHE ARMS RACE BOTH LAND AND SEA Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A- H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s (British pounds) Increase in Defense Expenditures France 10% Britain 13% Russia 39% Germany 73%

MILITARY STANDOFFMILITARY STANDOFF By 1914 large armies were facing each other on the continent of Europe.

EVERYONE HAD PICKED SIDESEVERYONE HAD PICKED SIDES

AND THEN….AND THEN…. Turkey (Ottoman Empire) was even weaker than Austria Hungary. Turkey was losing control of the Balkans. Austria-Hungary and Russia wanted in Unfortunately many had just won independence and were not interested in being taken over again by a larger empire. Serbia was a prime example and this caused a major rivalry with Austria-Hungary

BUT WAIT THERE IS MORE….BUT WAIT THERE IS MORE…. July 28 th 1914 Arch- Duke Ferdinand from the Austrian-Hungary Empire was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist in Sarajevo.

AUSTRIA ACTSAUSTRIA ACTS 6/28/14 Assassination…. 5/7/14 Kaiser William II promises German support for Austria against Serbia. 7/28/14 Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia and Russia since they supported the Serbians. 7/29/14 Austria- Hungarian troops invade Serbia.

RUSSIA ACTSRUSSIA ACTS 7/29/14 Russia invades Austria Hungary 8/1/14 Germany declares was on Russia

GERMANY ACTSGERMANY ACTS 8/2 Germany invades Luxembourg 8/3 Germany declares war on France 8/4 Germany declares war on neutral Belgium. Britain and Canada declare war on Germany. U.S. neutral????

ALL EUROPEAN POWERS ARE AT WARALL EUROPEAN POWERS ARE AT WAR Only a little over two months, why so fast? – Military build up: since the beginning of the 1900s most of the countries had been building armies and deploying them. – Alliances: the connection between Germany and Austria made their movements predictable. The results of their actions forced the actions of France and England. – Imperialism most of the central powers had something to gain.

HYPOTHESIZE Based on your understanding of Europe in this period, answer the following question: – Would the war eventually happened if the Arch Duke wasn’t assassinated?

THE TEAMSTHE TEAMS World War I

REMEMBER MANIAREMEMBER MANIA Militarism – policy of building up strong military forces to prepare for war and their use as a tool of diplomacy. Militarism Alliances - agreements between nations to aid and protect one another Alliances Nationalism – pride in or devotion to one’s country Nationalism Imperialism – when one country takes over another country economically and politically Imperialism Assassination – murder of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand Assassination

US CONCERNS AT THIS POINTUS CONCERNS AT THIS POINT Pros and Cons? – What were the military resources of the nation? Army Transport – What did the people of the United States want? Ethnic mix Loss of life – Diplomatic Monroe Doctrine TR Club Who to support? – Economic Trade Was our industry/economy set to support a war?

HOMEWORK Read Chapter 11 Section 1 “World War I Begins” – Pay special attention to pages 377 to 380! – Work on Reading Guide