Northern Ireland and the Troubles: A Short History

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Presentation transcript:

Northern Ireland and the Troubles: A Short History

Background: the Division of Ireland Green and Orange States Catholics in N. Ireland “Whatever you say, say nothing.”

Civil Conflict, 1969 A civil rights movement The emergence of vigilantes “Operation Banner” (1969-2007) The IRA split of Dec. 1969 Official IRA Provisional IRA

The Political Parties Ulster Unionist Party (UUP): “broad appeal” unionism Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP): moderate nationalist Democratic Unionist Party (DUP): hardcore unionist Sinn Fein: political wing of IRA Ian Paisley in 1969

The paramilitaries Republican Provisional IRA (1997 split—”Real IRA”) “Bloody Sunday”: January 1972 Political evolution Unionist (“Loyalist”) Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) GB Direct Rule: March 1972 Ulster Defence Association (UDA/UFF) Progressive Unionist Party (UVF-allied) Ulster Democratic Party (UDA-allied) UVF personnel

Why the peace process? Military realities An emergent nationalist alliance Political redress of Catholic grievances Increased role on non-gov’t actors New political formations Changing international context The referendum of May 22, 1998 Difficulties of implementation