{ Restoration Review Historical Background and Jonathan Swift

 Age of Reason  Age of Satire  Neoclassical  Religious Persecution  New Writing Styles Key Ideas

 Asking How? and not Why?  Scientific reasoning and logic  Natural events are explained through science  Influence of science on religion Age of Reason

 Mocking English way of life   The hatred of politics, commercialism, and materialism.   Ridicule to promote reform/change.  Looking at poetry in a different light.  Novels appealing to the middle class.  Defoe tried to reform public morals and manners through the use of journalism. Age of Satire New Writing Styles

Religious Persecution – refer to second PPT.  King James II fled to France to avoid death in the Glorious/Bloodless Revolution.  Based on the fight between the Catholics and the Protestants  Laws prohibiting certain sects of religion

 This means something universal and permanent in society.  The modeling of Latin works.  Conscious self-awareness  Concentration on man. Man, not God, was the major focus of the neoclassical writers. Neoclassical

 Satire  Allegory  Theme  Summary statement  Inference Literary Elements/ I Can…

 Juxtaposition  Irony  Exaggeration  Understatement  Parody Types of Satire

How does Swift satirize the differences between political parties in Lilliput? He mocks the petty/trivial differences between the political parties. Gulliver’s Travels

The King/Queen of Brobdingnag claims that England is full of the most disgusting creatures on the earth. What characteristics describe English officials? Ignorance and vice Adventure to Brobdingnag

 In Gulliver’s Travels, emphasis on the issue of how to best break eggs is Swift’s way of saying that most political disputes are what? fought over trivial matters. Adventure to Lilliput

 To criticize and make fun of unqualified government officials in England, Swift has the candidates for office in Lilliput compete in what silly tradition? The tight-rope dancing competition Adventure to Lilliput

Identify the allegorical parallel to the following quotation from “A Voyage to Lilliput”: “…for about the seventy moons past there have been two struggling parties in this empire, under the names of Tramecksan and Slamecksan, [who are distinguished from each other by] …the high and low heels on their shoes…” (Probst 493). The Tories and Whigs (political parties) in England

 Another way Swift uses an allegorical parallel in “A Voyage to Lilliput” is through the discussion of the Little-Endians and Big- Endians (Probst 494). The “Brundrecal” says that “true believers shall break their eggs at the convenient end” (494). This is a parallel to England in that… Both Catholics and Protestants use the same Bible, yet cannot agree on how to interpret it.

The purpose of “A Modest Proposal” is to satirize… poverty and famine in Ireland. A Modest Proposal

Swift refers to women who are able to bear children as “breeders”. The connotation (or implied meaning) of this term is… Women can be used as animals. A Modest Proposal

“A Modest Proposal” is a parody of what type of writing? A scientific article or essay

Types of Questions  Which of the following is an accurate summary statement of the passage?  Given the context, what is a possible theme of the passage?  Given the account of the passage, a reader can INFER the narrator’s tone and the author’s tone are?  Which type of satire is being expressed in the following quotation  Read the following excerpt from a current article on libraries, and determine the type of satire used.