Bob Travica MIS 2000 Bob Travica Class 5 More on Data Analysis Updated Jan. 2014

Bob Travica Outline Analyzing data in different business situations Differentiating entities and attributes Analyzing associations between entities Exercise 2

Bob Travica Business starts on the supply side. Companies purchase raw materials and half- products in order to produce a more complete or a final product. So, the product is a key business object, which becomes an entity in a data diagram. Product is ordered from a supplier via a purchasing order (PO). PO is a concept and it translates into a business document (electronic, paper). In case of services, the supply side is not tangible (e.g., lenders supplying financial resources in banking). PODetail Quantity Discount Product ProductID PName ListPrice Specifications Purchase Order PONum PODate Supplier SupplierID SName SAddress ^ placed with includes M M Data diagram for purchasing process Purchasing Operations 3

Bob Travica Task TaskID TName Description Time Schedule Date Shift Overtime Worker WorkerID Wname Department Position Specialty Production Operations A company's supplies are transformed in production operations, whether in manufacturing or operations. Production includes several processes, one being scheduling. Schedule is the key entity. A scheduling process needs to track minimally the tasks to be performed and workers, and it needs to produce a calendar-like output showing who is doing what and when (schedule). Data diagram for production scheduling process 4 planned in assigned to

Bob Travica WorkHours Date HoursRegular HoursOvertime Employee EmployeeID Ename Department Position Specialty DateHired Pay PayRecordNo PayPeriod TotalPaid Salary SalaryID AmountYear Overtime gets Wage WageID RateRegular RateOvertime Amount(calculate) is determine earns Data diagram for the pay process in human resources management Human Resources (HR ) HR is a broad area covering recruiting, training, pay, wellness, grievances, etc. The key entity is employee. For the pay process, the important entity is pay. Generally, the pay is either salary (fixed hours) or wage (variable number of hours). 5

Bob Travica Accounting Accounting tracks monetary value of all tangible things on the inflow (revenue) and outflow (cost) side. These two objects translate into revenue and cost entities or accounts (there can be many of each). Account is the key entity. There are many types of account—receivables (revenues) vs. payables (costs); revenues and costs each has specific kinds of accounts based on sources, etc. 6 Account Receivable ARAccountID ARName Organization … Budget BAccountID Sale SAccountID Interest IAccountID Account Payable APAccountID APName Organization … Operating Cost OpAccountID Purchase PuAccountID Pay PaAccountID MoreData diagram (partial) for income accounts Data diagram (partial) for expense accounts is

Bob Travica The revenue and cost entities are connected via a central entity Ledger (storage of all entries which updates individual accounts). 7 of 15 Account Receivable ARAccountID ARName Organization Date Balance Ledger LedgerEntryID Date Time Amount(in/out) AcitivityReference# Account Payable APccountID APName Organization Date Balance Data diagram for a generic accounting process and information system updates < updates Accounting

Bob Travica Customer CustomerID CType Cname CLocation Customer Product MonthYear Total Product ProductID PName Market Segment MSegmentID SpendLevel Description buys belongs to Marketing Marketing processes create and manage markets. Customer is the key entity. To understand markets, market profiling (segmentation) is performed, resulting in entity MarketSegment. The main data are customer totals – aggregation of sales figures. Market segment should be identified by grouping customers on purchase totals into SpendLevel groups (e.g., high, mid, low). Customer totals per product refine market segments. Data diagram for marker segmenting 8

Bob Travica Sales Customer CustomerID CType Cname CLocation Sale SaleRecordNo Date Cashier SaleDetail Quantity RewardCard RewardCardNo DateIssued Points Product ProductID PName ListPrice made to includes has The data diagram is similar to the one used in the class on data analysis & diagramming. Key entity is Sale. New details: - Sale as an event (instead of Order) - RewardCard 9 Grocery Store

Bob Travica Library Do not get scared! This is how a more fully developed data diagram looks like. Focus on key entities and their relationships. 10 To be added: - keys - association names

Bob Travica Customer CustomerID CustomerType Name Address CatalogSearch SearchNumber Date Terms Searched PageVisit PageID Date Web Pages Visited Screen Items Clicked Comparable Customer MatchedCustomerID E-commerce Data diagram for online customer profiling (marketing) Online customer is invisible and its behavior happens in “cyber space.” New entities help to learn about invisible customer. 11 Online Store performs does resembles