Trench Warfare. Define trench warfare. Caused by Germany’s Schlieffen Plan Schlieffen Plan New style of fighting by positioning soldiers in deep ditches.

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Presentation transcript:

Trench Warfare

Define trench warfare. Caused by Germany’s Schlieffen Plan Schlieffen Plan New style of fighting by positioning soldiers in deep ditches for protection

The Schlieffen Plan

The Schlieffen Plan was unsuccessful, leading Germany and the Central Powers to fight a two front war.

Define trench warfare. Rather than being a quick conflict, Allied and Centrals Powers “dug in” for trench warfare for most of the war, causing slow and painful results

Define no-man’s-land. Trenches separated by no-man’s land – land between trenches filled with landmines, and barbed wire

Trench Design/Layout

The Front-Line Trench 7’ X 6’

The Front-Line Trench 7’ X 6’ Parapet topped with sandbags

The Front-Line Trench 7’ X 6’ Parapet topped with sandbags Dug at angles

The Front-Line Trench 7’ X 6’ Parapet topped with sandbags Dug at angles Faced “No-Man’s Land”

The Support Trench 2 nd line of defense

The Support Trench 2 nd line of defense Connected to Front-line with Communication Trench

The Reserve Trench Last line of defense

The Reserve Trench Last line of defense Often connected to nearest town

Life in the Trenches

Describe the poor conditions soldiers faced in trench warfare.  No shelter from weather  Boredom  Dangerous to go “over the top” to attack the enemy  Grenades and other explosives could be hurled or launched into your trench  Disease/poor sanitation  Lice  Rats  Trench foot  Difficult to get in/out

Body Lice

Trench Rats

Trench Foot

It was during WWI that the term “shell shock” was coined. We now call this condition Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Most modern war memoirs describe that the most unnerving and maddening thing in battle is artillery detonations.

Some scenes of No Man’s Land.

Some trenches were not well developed. Artillery duds.

Note in these pictures how the vegetation has been destroyed and trees just stripped of foliage by artillery and gunfire.

You can see the enemy’s trench lines in the distance.

Old trenchlines today.

Any questions?