Arthropods Chapter 28 Biology Auburn High School p. 760 – 783

28.1: Characteristics of Arthropods p. 761 – 766

General Characteristics Phylum Arthropoda Meaning – arthron = joint; pod = foot Jointed appendages, exoskeleton, varied life cycles, bilateral symmetry, coelomate invertebrate Grow by molting (the shedding of old exoskeleton) Habitat Land, water or air Locomotion Flying, crawling, or swimming

General Characteristics Reproduction Sexually Internal in land species, external in aquatic species Some are hermaphrodites (barnacles) Some are parthenogenesis (bees, wasp, & ants) form of asexual reproduction in which a new individual develops from an unfertilized egg Significance Pollinators (bees) Scavengers (ants, beetles, etc.) Parasites (mosquitoes) Control insect population (spiders)

28.2: Diversity of Arthropods p. 767 – 775

Class Arachnida Include: spiders, scorpions, mites, and ticks 4 pairs of legs No antenna Body regions: chephlothorax and abdomen

Class Crustaceans Aquatic or damp terrestrial locations Exchange gases through feathery gills 2 pairs of antennae Have mandibles for crushing food Compound eye 5 pairs of walking legs 2 or 3 body sections

Class Crustaceans Include: crabs, lobsters, shrimp, crawfish, barnacles, water fleas, pill bugs, and sow bugs

Class Chilopoda Class Diplopoda Flatten bodies Carnivorous 15 – 181 body segments Include: centipedes Cylindrical bodies Herbivores; Stink glands 100+ body segments 2 pair of legs per segment Include: millipedes

Class Merostomata (Horseshoe Crab) Living fossils Semicircular exoskeleton Long pointed tail 4 pairs of walking legs 5 or 6 pairs of appendages that move water over gills (swimmerets) Eat sea weed, worms, and mollusks

Class Insecta 3 body divisions (head, thorax & abdomen) 6 legs attached to thorax Most adults have 1 or 2 pairs of wings Exoskeleton (molt to grow) Undergo metamorphosis (egg – larvae – pupa – adult or egg – nymph – adult) Habitat Found in most places

Metamorphosis of Insects

Characteristics of Insects Feeding All types Locomotion Crawling, flying, jumping or swimming Reproduction Eggs fertilized internally (sexually) Significance Damage crops, spread diseases, eat other insects, pollinate

Characteristics of Insects Include: dragonflies, fruit flies, butterflies, grasshoppers, ants, bees, wasps, katydids, preying mantis, roaches, beetles, bowel weevil, lice, and etc.

Pictures of Insects