Introduction to Infectious DiseaseInfectious

Infectious Disease – Key Terms Infectious – can spread Disease – an abnormal condition affecting the body of an organism Pathogens – “germs”; what causes disease

Germ Theory through the Ages Germ Theory – states that diseases are caused by microorganisms Before

Before Germ Theory… Theory of “Spontaneous Generation” – diseases were simply an unfortunate occurrence due to chance & probability Think about it….

Significant Historical Developments in Infectious Disease & Germ Theory

Anton van Leeuwenhoek First microbiologist; Dutch; 1670s Used microscopes to observe and identify microscopic living organisms

Ignaz Semmelweis Vienna, 1840s “Childbirth fever”

Louis Pasteur France, 1859 – Curved Flask Experiment Essentially the definitive demonstration negating spontaneous generation

Joseph Lister Lister, 1860s: Antiseptics Washed wounds to prevent infections during surgery

Taxonomy and Infectious Disease What types of pathogens cause infectious diseases? In what taxonomic kingdoms are they classified?

Taxonomy and Infectious Disease Prokarya Eukarya Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Autotrophic

Pathogen 1: Bacteria Living – Kingdom Eubacteria (although only a small fraction of this kingdom are pathogenic) Structure – Prokaryotic cells – Produce toxins that harm host (parasitic) Examples

Pathogen 2: Viruses Non-living!!!! – Infect host and take over cellular metabolism to construct new viruses Structure: – DNA or RNA core – Contained in protein capsid – Protein spikes to attach to host cells – Some have a membranous envelope – Shape can vary but all viruses are typically symmetrical Examples: HIV, Influenza, Ebola, Chickenpox

Pathogen 3: Fungi Living – Kingdom Fungi Structure: – Eukaryotic – Chitin cell wall – Heterotrophic (by absorbing nutrients from host) Examples: Ringworm, Yeast Infections, Athlete’s Foot

Pathogen 4: Parasites Living – Kingdoms Protista & Animalia Structures: – Protozoans – single celled organisms – Helminthes – worms – Animal structures – mosquitoes, fleas, ticks Transmitted through ingestion of eggs & insect bites Examples: Malaria, Tapeworm, Bubonic Plague

Pathogen 5: Prions Non-living Structure – Misfolded proteins that cause brain and neural damage, eventually fatal Examples: Mad Cow Disease, Creutzfeldt- Jakob Disease (CJD)

Classroom Activity: “History-Altering” Infectious Diseases 1. Your group will be assigned 1 infectious disease that altered history. 2. Research that disease with your group on or other reliable sources about one of the following diseases: Smallpox in Native American populations during Age of Exploration/Colonialism Tuberculosis in Industrial Revolution age (“The Great White Plague”), Bubonic Plague in Europe (“Black Death”) Cholera in England (England 1800s), Yellow fever in the Panama Canal, Typhus (body lice) during the Thirty Years War Polio in late 19 th -early 20 th century; Biology/plant life extension: potato blight (cause of the Irish potato famine), 1918 influenza in America (“Great Influenza” “Spanish flu” “Flu of 1918”) H1N1 Bird flu Swine flu