Chapter 3 Communities and Biomes

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 3 Communities and Biomes Section 1 Communities

Limiting Factors Any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence, numbers, reproduction, or distribution of organisms. Factors that limit one population directly may also have an indirect affect on other populations.

Tolerance The ability of an organism to withstand fluctuations in biotic or abiotic environmental factors.

Succession The orderly, natural changes and species replacements that take place in the communities of an ecosystem. Occurs in stages. Each stage has conditions suitable for some organisms but not for others. Takes decades to centuries to occur.

Primary Succession The colonization of barren land by communities of organisms. The first species to colonize in barren areas are called pioneer species. Pioneer species eventually die out. After some time, the community reaches equilibrium.

Climax Community A stable, mature community that undergoes little or no change. May last for hundreds of years.

Secondary Succession The sequence of changes that takes place after an existing community is severely disrupted in some way. Because soil already exists, secondary succession may take less time than primary succession to reach a climax community.