Essential Computer Concepts, 5th Edition New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts, 5th Edition New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

Course Objectives At the end of the course, you will understand: The components of a computer system The different types of computers Microcomputer hardware and its functions Data representation and the ASCII code Peripheral devices Hardware and software used to establish a network connection Internet, e-mail, and World Wide Web System software Popular application software New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts What is a Computer? A computer is a device that: Accepts input Processes data Stores data Produces output New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts What is a Computer? A Computer System is made up of: Hardware—the physical components Software—the programs or lists of instructions Peripherals—the additional components New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts What is a Computer? Architecture or configuration is the design of the computer. As in, what does the computer consist of? Specification is the technical detail about each component. As in, how big is the monitor? New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts How a Computer Works The hardware, software, and you work together to complete tasks. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts How a Computer Works The data you type into the computer is called input. The result of the computer processing your input is called output. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Types of Computers The categories of computers are: Personal or microcomputers Desktop Notebook or Laptop Hand-help or PDAs Mainframes Supercomputers New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Types of Computers Personal computers are used for general computing tasks and fit the needs of most users New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Types of Computers Hand-held computers fit in the palm of your hand and run on batteries. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Types of Computers Mainframes are used by companies to provide centralized storage, processing, and management for large amounts of data. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Types of Computers Supercomputers are the largest and fastest of computers, and can process an enormous volume of data. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Computer Hardware Computer hardware includes: Input devices Output devices Processing hardware Storage devices and media New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Computer Hardware Some input devices are: Keyboard Mouse Wireless pointer Touch pad Track ball A wireless mouse New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Computer Hardware Output devices are: Monitors and Printers are common output devices. CRT monitors and LCD (or flat panel display) monitors are two types of monitors. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Computer Hardware Factors that influence a monitor’s quality are: Screen Size Resolution Dot Pitch New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

Types of Printers include: Laser Ink-jet Dot Matrix New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Computer Hardware Multimedia devices are peripheral devices that include text, graphics, sound, animation, and video. Speakers and sound cards are common multimedia output devices New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Computer Hardware The most important computer function is data processing. Processing hardware is used to process data. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Processing Hardware Computers interpret every signal as “on” or “off.” 1 (“on”) and 0 (“off”) are referred to as bits. Eight bits is a bite. Each byte represents a unique character. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Data Representation Storage and memory capacity is the amount of data the storage device can handle. Kilobyte (KB) is about one thousand bytes Megabyte (MB) is about one million bytes Gigabyte (GB) is about one billion bytes New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Processing Hardware The two most important components of personal computers hardware are the microprocessor and memory. These two factors directly affect the computer’s price and performance. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts The Microprocessor The microprocessor is an integrated circuit or chip on the main circuit board inside the computer. Its speed is determined by: Clock speed Word size Cache size New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Memory Computer memory is a set of storage locations of the main circuit board. There are four types of memory: Random access memory (RAM) Virtual memory Read-only memory Complementary metal oxide semiconductor memory (CMOS) New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Memory RAM is temporary memory that is constantly changing while the computer is on. Virtual memory is extra memory that simulates RAM if more is needed. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Memory Read-only memory (ROM) is the permanent storage location for a set of instructions the computer uses. CMOS memory is semi-permanent information about where essential software is stored. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Memory A storage device receives data from RAM and writes it on a storage medium. Later, it can be read and sent back to RAM. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Storage Devices Data is stored as files. Executable files tell computers how to perform specific tasks. Data files are created by the user, usually with software. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Storage Devices Files are kept on storage devices. There are: Magnetic storage devices and Optical storage devices. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Storage Devices Some common magnetic storage devices are: Floppy disks Hard disk drives Tape drives Zip drives A floppy disk New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Storage Devices Some common optical storage devices are: CD-ROM drives DVD drives CD-R drives CD-RW drives New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Storage Devices CD-ROMs are for “read-only” access. CD-R drives allow you to record data on a CD-R disk. CD-RW drives allow you to write data on a CD-RW disk and access and modify data. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Data Communications Data Communications is the transmission of text, numeric, voice, or video data from one computer to another. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Data Communications The four essential components of data communications are: Sender Channel Receiver Protocols New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Data Communications A sender is the computer that originates the message. The message is sent over a channel, such as a telephone. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Data Communications The receiver is the computer at the message’s destination. Protocols are the rules that establish the transfer of data between sender and receiver. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Data Bus The data bus is the communication between microprocessor, RAM, and the peripherals. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Data Bus An external peripheral device has a port or cable that connects it to the computer. Each port connects to a controller card, which plugs into expansion slots. The transmission protocol is handled by a device driver. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Data Bus Microcomputers have several types of ports: Parallel Serial Small computer system interface (SCSI) Musical instrument digital interface (MIDI) Universal serial bus (USB) New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Data Bus A parallel port transmits data eight bits at a time, and is often used to connect a nearby printer. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Data Bus A serial port transmits data one bit at a time, and often connects a mouse, keyboard, or modem. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Data Bus A SCSI connection can allow many devices to use the same port, and are popular on Macs and notebooks. MIDI cards are used to record and play back musical data. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Data Bus Computer expansion ports New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Data Bus USB (Universal Serial Bus) ports replace numerous connectors with one plug and port combination. The device you install must have a USB connector. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts A network connects one computer to other computers and peripherals. In a local area network (LAN), computers and peripherals are close to each other. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Networks A client/server network is a network with a file server. A file server acts as the central storage location. A network without a file server is a peer-to-peer network. All of the computers are equal. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Networks New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Networks Each computer that is part of the network must have a network interface card and network software. Then it becomes a workstation. Any device connected to the network is called a node. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Telecommunications Telecommunications is communicating over a telephone. In the telecommunications process, the modem converts digital signals to analog signals at the sending site and a second modem converts them back at the receiving site. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Telecommunications New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts The Internet The Internet is the world’s largest network. E-mail and the World Wide Web are two benefits of the Internet. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts The Internet A hyperlink is a place on a Web page allowing you to connect to a particular file. http://www.course.com/newperspectives New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts The Internet A Web browser is the communications software that allows you to navigate the WWW. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Computer Software Software is the instructions and data that direct the computer to accomplish the task. It can refer to a single program or a package. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts System Software System software helps the computer carry out it s basic operating tasks. Application software helps the user carry out a variety of tasks. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts System Software The four types of system software are: Operating systems Utilities Device drivers Programming languages New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts System Software The operating system controls the I/O or input/output, the flow of data from microprocessor to memory to peripherals. The operating system makes multitasking possible. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts System Software Some types of system software include: Virus protection software Utilities Device drivers Computer programming languages New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Application Software Application software enables you to perform specific tasks. Application software includes: Document production software Spreadsheet software Database management software Graphics and presentation software New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Application Software Document production software includes word processing, desktop publishing, and Web authoring software that assist you in writing and formatting documents. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts It often has grammar and spell-checking, thesaurus, search and replace, and template features. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Application Software With spreadsheet software, you can create formulas that perform calculations. Spreadsheet software creates worksheets with columns and rows. The intersection of a column and row is a cell. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Application Software Database management software creates structured databases to contain information. Graphics and presentation software allow you to create illustrations, diagrams, and charts to be presented or transmitted. Most allow you to include graphics. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Application Software Multimedia authoring software allows you to record digital sound files, video files, and animations that can be included in presentations and other documents. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts Application Software Object linking and embedding (OLE) is the ability to use data from another file, called the source. This integration between applications has become an important skill in business. New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts