The North and South Differences Cause a Strain in the National Relationship

Sectionalism and Pre-Civil War 419 Manufacturing least important to the South 471 Cotton production expanded, price of slaves goes up? 478 Compromise of 1850 485 Kansas-Nebraska Act 491 Lincoln-Douglas Debates 493 Harpers Ferry and John Brown 496 Southern reaction to Lincoln election ??? States’ Rights about Slavery

Agriculture 1860

Industry and Raw Materials 1860

Free and Slave Population 1860

Expanding Railroads What does this tell us?

Industry Expands By 1861, the North has significantly more rails than the South. What impact does this have? Which portion of the USA is more industrial?

South Expands Cotton Production The cotton gin makes cotton more profitable Cotton plantations expand and produce more What else expands?

South Expands Cotton Production The importation of slaves was banned in 1807. The “desire” for slave labor grew. How supplied? The internal slave trade expanded. What happens to the price of slaves if the supply is lowered?

The Mexican-American War The war added 500,000 square miles to the country President Polk wanted to extend the Missouri Compromise 36°30’ line to the west coast Others proposed “popular sovereignty” The House passed the Wilmot Proviso banning slavery in the Mexican cession. The Senate did not. Why?

Clay’s Compromise of 1850 California would enter the Union as a free state The rest of the Mexican Cession would be settled under “popular sovereignty” Slave auctions would end in Wash. D.C. (but not slavery) A more effective federal “Fugitive Slave” law would be enacted

Fugitive Slave Act Federal and state agents were authorized to capture and return fugitive slaves. The fugitives were taken to US Commissioners. No Jury and only whites were allowed to testify Anyone interfering could be put in jail and fined. Abolition movements in the North grew

1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act Stephen Douglas wanted a railroad from Chicago westward, southern politicians wanted it from New Orleans to California. To get southern support, Douglas put into his bill, that the northern territories would be “open” to slavery if the settlers voted for it. Northerners were outraged but the bill passed into law

Bloody Kansas Both southern and northern activists flocked to Kansas to populate it with their own supporters. Two separate governments were elected. City of Lawrence was burned by pro-slavery forces. John Brown killed five pro-slavery men in response. Bloody clashes continued until a federal governor with military authority was sent.

Another Bloody Incident Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts delivered speech criticizing pro-slavery forces in Kansas and personally criticized a southern senator Butler. Butler’s nephew, a congressman, beat Sumner with a cane.

Election of 1856 Issues: Expanding or limiting slavery and internal improvements. Main candidates: Buchannan a Southern Democrat Fremont an exclusively northern Republican

The Dred Scott Decision Dred Scott sued for his freedom based on his having been taken into “free” territory. 11 years later the Supreme Court ruled: What would you say? Blacks were not citizens and therefore could not sue When Scott returned to Missouri, his status was determined by Missouri’s laws The Missouri Compromise of 1820 was unconstitutional because it deprived citizens of their property

Lincoln-Douglas Debates Abraham Lincoln ran as a Republican against the Democrat Stephen Douglas for a Senate seat from Illinois Lincoln stressed the main issue was the spread of slavery in the west and that the nation could not “survive half slave and half free” Douglas said that proved Lincoln wanted every state to be a free state and states should be able to choose Lincoln lost to Douglas

Harper’s Ferry Incident October 16, 1859, John Brown and some men took over the arsenal in Harpers Ferry Some of his men went to slave plantations in hope of inciting a rebellion. The next day, Col Robert E. Lee had marines capture Brown. After a trial, Brown was hanged for treason, murder, and conspiracy

Make 5 observations about this map. Election of 1860 Make 5 observations about this map.

Question #21-22: Make one strong observation or conclusion about this map (not simply who won!)

Southern Reaction to Lincoln’s Election Not waiting for his inauguration, South Carolina seceded believing Lincoln would end slavery in the south when he became president. Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas joined SC and formed the CSA electing Jefferson Davis as President. Lincoln believed only amendments or revolution could dissolve the Union In question was who owned FT Sumter in SC? Lincoln vowed to hold federal land but would not provoke a fight.

Comparing the Worlds of North and South Which picture is North? Why? Which picture is South? Why?