DO NOW ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION IN YOUR NOTES What effects did the Embargo Act of 1807 and the War of 1812 have on Americans involved in shipping and foreign trade?

Mr. Madison’s War… Gave the United States a National Identity Held our own against the British Furthers thoughts of westward expansion GB and US have positive relations End of the Federalist Party Creates a number of national figures Madison Andrew Jackson Uncle Sam

Uncle Sam Samuel Wilson, a meat packer from Troy, NY supplied barrels of beef to the US Army during the War of 1812 supplied barrels of beef to the United States Army during the War of 1812. Wilson (1766-1854) stamped the barrels with "U.S." for United States, but soldiers began referring to the grub as "Uncle Sam's." The local newspaper picked up on the story and Uncle Sam eventually gained widespread acceptance as the nickname for the U.S. federal government.

Election of 1816 The United States presidential election of 1816 came at the end of the two-term presidency of Democratic-Republican James Madison. With the opposition Federalist Party in collapse, Madison's Secretary of State, James Monroe, had an advantage in winning the nomination against a divided opposition. Monroe won the electoral college by the wide margin of 183 to 34. The previous four years were dominated by the War of 1812. While it had not ended in victory, the peace was nonetheless satisfactory to the American people, and the Democratic-Republicans received the credit for its prosecution. The Federalists had been discredited by their opposition to the war and secessionist rhetoric from New England. Furthermore, President Madison had adopted such Federalist policies as a national bank and protective tariffs, which would give the Federalists few issues to campaign on. Welcome: Indiana becomes a state during this election cycle Issues of the Day: War of 1812

James Monroe “Era of Good Feelings” 1817–1825 the last president from the Founding Fathers of the United States Phrase coined by Monroe during a good will tour of New England (make amends after Hartford Convention) Served with Washington at Trenton Governor of Virginia Member of Articles of Confederation Congress Minister to England, France, and Spain Secretary of State and War 1817–1825

Election of 1820 Issues of the Day: depression following the Panic of 1819 extension of slavery into the territories The United States presidential election of 1820 was the third and last presidential election in United States history in which a candidate ran effectively unopposed. (The previous two were the presidential elections of 1789 and 1792, in which George Washington ran without serious opposition.) President James Monroe and Vice President Daniel D. Tompkins were re-elected without a serious campaign. Despite the continuation of single party politics (known in this case as the Era of Good Feelings), serious issues emerged during the election in 1820. The nation had endured a widespread depression following the Panic of 1819 and the momentous issue of the extension of slavery into the territories was taking center stage. Nevertheless, James Monroe faced no opposition party or candidate in his reelection bid, although he did not receive all the electoral votes (see below). Monroe won every state; one Elector selected Adams so the result was not unanimous Welcome: Alabama, Illinois, Maine, Mississippi and Missouri become states during this election cycle One Elector each from Mississippi, Pennsylvania and Tennessee died & those votes were not cast Monroe won New Hampshire; however one Elector cast a vote for Adams Issues of the Day: Slavery (Missouri Compromise)

Nationalism: War of 1812 American System Foreign Policy -a devotion or loyalty to one's nation -extreme patriotism War of 1812 American System Foreign Policy

1. The War of 1812 United America against a common enemy Resurrected the Spirit of ’76 Created a new set of ideas and figures known to the entire nation

2. The American System Strongly supported by Madison & Henry Clay… Why? Needed NATIONAL UNITY Consisted of 3 Parts: National Bank . . . (Again) Protective Tariffs Federally supported Internal Improvements

Speaker of the House: Henry Clay Representative from Kentucky War Hawk before the War of 1812 Prominent defender of the American System

Control the revenue and money 1. The 2nd National Bank Second National Bank was chartered in 1816 WHY? War of 1812 Debt Job of National Bank: Control the revenue and money system in US First National Bank was not renewed in 1811 Charter Expired

2. Protective Tariffs Tariff of 1816 passed under Madison Tariff – tax on imported goods Madison raised tax to 20-25 % on all foreign goods WHY? Purpose was to assist American industries People will buy American goods > foreign goods = Good for American Businesses Passed with the help of Monroe’s future cabinet, Westerner Henry Clay and Southern John Calhoun Why southern support? Continued nationalism and disdain over GB’s actions in offloading goods in an attempt to regain US markets

3. Internal Improvements 1807 – Steamships (Robert Fulton) Helps farmers ship goods 1820’s & 30’s – Macadam Roads Helps settlers move west 1825 – Erie Canal Connects New York City with Lake Erie 1828 – B&O (Baltimore & Ohio) Railroad Transportation of the future

Erie Canal

Railroads

Why was slavery voluntarily abolished in the North? Do Now Why was slavery voluntarily abolished in the North?

Nationalism: War of 1812 American System Foreign Policy -a devotion or loyalty to one's nation -extreme patriotism War of 1812 American System Foreign Policy

3. Foreign Policy

Foreign Policy Monroe Doctrine Western Hemispheric Control Western Hemisphere is for the USA Isolationism w/ Europe

James Monroe - Era of Good Feelings

Missouri Compromise By 1819, slavery all but dead in North West of Mississippi River no clear boundary for slavery By 1819, Missouri’s population reached 60,000

Interactive Map: Missouri Compromise

Balance of Free and Slave States (1821) Maine (1820) Missouri (1821) Missouri Compromise • Missouri admitted as a slave state, Maine admitted as a free state. Illinois (1818) Alabama (1819) Indiana (1816) Mississippi (1817) Ohio (1803) Louisiana (1812) Vermont (1791) Tennessee (1796) Rhode Island Kentucky (1792) New York Virginia New Hampshire North Carolina Massachusetts South Carolina Connecticut Maryland New Jersey Georgia Pennsylvania Delaware Original 13 States Free States Slave States

• Slavery allowed in the part of the Louisiana Purchase south of the 36 , 30'N. • Slavery banned north of 36 , 30'N, except for Missouri.

Panic of 1819 America’s 1st national economic market failure Causes include: Public debt from War of 1812 Decline in European demand for US crops/cotton 2nd National Bank’s efforts to control inflation