R&D personnel & expenditure by type and function; outputs Launch Workshop of the Qatar R&D Survey: s6 Four Seasons Hotel, Doha, Qatar 28 to 30 October Michael Kahn Research and Innovation Associates, South Africa

3 Identify R&D performersWhat counts as R&D PERSONNEL Headcount EXPENDITURE Qualification Full-time equivalent Field of Science Labour Current Capex Field of Science Socio-economic objective Sources of Funds OUTPUTS Type Qualification Field of Science ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

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7 Identify R&D performersWhat counts as R&D PERSONNEL Headcount EXPENDITURE Qualification Full-time equivalent Field of Science Labour Current Capex Field of Science Socio-economic objective Sources of Funds OUTPUTS Type Qualification Field of Science ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

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9 The basic criterion for distinguishing R&D from related activities is the presence in R&D of an appreciable element of novelty and the resolution of scientific and/or technological uncertainty, i.e. when the solution to a problem is not readily apparent to someone familiar with the basic stock of common knowledge and techniques for the area concerned.

10 In the field of medicine, routine autopsy on the causes of death is the practice of medical care and is not R&D; special investigation of a particular mortality to establish the side effects of certain cancer treatments is R&D. Similarly, routine tests such as blood and bacteriological tests carried out for doctors are not R&D, whereas a special programme of blood tests in connection with the introduction of a new drug is R&D.

11 Exercise 4: Basic & applied research and development

12 Sources of Funds

Part 3: In-House R&D Expenditure B12. Sources of Funds for In-House R&D

14 R&D by Functional Type Fields of Science – approach already covered Socio-economic objective of R&D

Part 4: Categories of In-House R&D Expenditure

16 R&D Outputs (HE only)

17 Qatar: World of Science publications:

18 Well done, all