Geopolitics of Energy United States of America Russian Federation People´s Republic of China KS Energy and Sustainable Development, SS 2011 Martin Guggenberger,

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Geopolitics of Energy United States of America Russian Federation People´s Republic of China KS Energy and Sustainable Development, SS 2011 Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic

Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Pagina 2 Energy Consumption USA8,000 kilo oil equivalent Austria4,000 kilo oil equivalent Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration USA

Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Pagina 3 Energy Production Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration USA

Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Pagina 4 Import & Export 24% of consumed energy is imported energy USA

Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Pagina : 30 % of global oil production 55 % of global oil reserves dependence of industrialized countries influence on bordering countries – containment of russian and chinese interests Geopolitical strategies The gulf region USA

Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Pagina 6 Geopolitical strategies Nabucco-Pipeline from Azerbaijan to Austria influence balance of forces in the Middle-East & Central Asia power of Russia could be reduced USA tries to improve their relations to the participating countries USA

Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Pagina 7 Energy Consumption Russian Federation Total energy consumption: 686,757 kt of oil equivalent Energy consumption per capita: 4,838 t of oil equivalent Total consumption of electricity enrgy: 725,460 GWh Total consumption of heat energy: 4,757,649 TJ

Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Energy Production Pagina 8 Total energy production: 1,253,922 kt of oil equivalent Russian Federation

Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Imports & Exports Pagina 9 2nd largest exporter of oil (largest non-OPEC member) – 5,43 million bbl/day (2009) Largest exporter of natural gas – 179,1 billion m³ (2009) Russia is energetically self- sustained Russian Federation

Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic European reliance on Natural Gas Pagina 10 Interruptions in gas supplies because of disputes between Russia and the Ukraine in January 2009 „North Stream“ and „South Stream“ pipeline projects should establish a direct connection between Russia and the EU Competition in form of the Nabucco pipeline, which circumvents Russia Russian Federation

Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Russia as an energy superpower Pagina 11 High dependence of neighbors on russian energy exports Russia uses this dependence as a policy tool to influence its neighboring states Race for the Arctic Russian Federation

Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Cooperation with China Pagina 12 Pipeline project valued at $ 25 M which connects Russia and China Russia brings oil on the Asian- Pacific market Reduction of the reliance on European trading partners while simultaneously opening new markets Russian Federation

Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Republic of China Pagina 13 many ressources 1.3 billion people Energy self sufficent untill 1993 enormous growth rates, energy production could not keep pace growing purchasing power through industrialisation BRICS

Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Pagina 14 China

Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Brazilian Pipeline Pagina 15 China 1050 km pipeline to connect south-east and north-east Brazil export-corridor 900 million USD loan to Brazil, half the sum in Yuan repaid in oil

Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Venezuela Joint Venture Pagina 16 China contract between Petróleos de Venezuela and China National Petroleum Corporation exploration, production, oil marketing and transportation barrels/day in barrels/day in 2016 for 25 years

Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Angola Pagina 17 Angola provides 25% of Chinas oil Imports China International Fund Ltd Imex Bank Luand International Airport Hydro Power Plants Railway … little influence of IMF, because of chinese Investment China