 WWII and protectionism  Bretton Woods system  IMF, World Bank and GATT  Free trade  Structural adjustment  “Missing components” of development, such as capital can be provided by the West, foreign aid of foreign direct investment  Trickle-down concept

 There are five pillars that serve as the foundation of U.S. policy toward Africa: 1) Support for democracy and the strengthening of democratic institutions on the continent, including free, fair, and transparent elections. 2) Supporting African economic growth and development. 3) Conflict prevention, mitigation, and resolution. 4) Supporting Presidential initiatives such as the Global Health Initiative, Feed the Future, and the Global Climate Change Initiative. 5) Working with African nations on transnational issues such as drug smuggling, money laundering, illicit arms, and trafficking in persons.

The Bureau of African Affairs has contributed to demonstrable progress in each of these areas in recent years. The U.S. has contributed to democratic transitions in Cote d’Ivoire, Guinea-Conakry, and Niger; successful elections in Nigeria; and a referendum that led to the independence of South Sudan.Cote d’Ivoire Guinea-ConakryNigerNigeriaSouth Sudan The Bureau promotes African economic development through the annual Africa Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) Forums.AGOA Feed the FutureFeed the Future, the U.S. Government’s global food security initiative, is focused on 12 African countries. A goal of the Global Health Initiative is investing $63 billion over six years to help partner countries improve the health of women, newborns, and children. Global Health Initiative

 On behalf of the American people, USAID responds to development opportunities in Africa to improve access to and delivery of life-saving health interventions, to support more accountable and democratic institutions, to start businesses and foster an environment attractive to private investment, and to stave off conflict and strengthen communities. USAID has missions in 23 sub-Saharan African countries that deliver assistance within their countries, as well as four regional missions that deliver assistance for cross-border activities, especially with regards to economic growth and security. In total, USAID assistance benefits 49 African countries totaling $6.4 billion in 2010, including $1.6 billion in humanitarian assistance and food aid.

Africa is a major focus for three Presidential Initiatives: Feed the Future to promote food security and economic growth; the Global Health Initiative to strengthen health systems; and the Global Climate Change Initiative to reduce vulnerability to and the effects of climate change. USAID support for democracy, good governance, peace and security provides a foundation critical to sustaining progress in these Presidential Initiatives. USAID responds quickly to humanitarian needs resulting from conflict, drought, and other crises, while building long-term, sustainable systems. Feed the FutureGlobal Health InitiativeGlobal Climate Change Initiative

 Historical Background:  Turkey’s historical and cultural ties with Africa have been instrumental in establishing close relations with the Continent. In the context of our policy of opening up to Africa initiated in 1998, we are determined to improve and develop our political, economic, commercial, and cultural interaction with the African countries.   In this vein, a Strategy on the Development of the Economic Relations with African Countries was prepared by the Undersecretariat for Foreign Trade in 2003 and subsequently 2005 was declared as “the Year of Africa” by the Turkish Government and Turkey was accorded observer status by the Africa Union the same year.

 Turkey-Africa Summits:  Turkey welcomed the decision of the 10th African Union Summit in January 2008 declaring Turkey as a strategic partner. “Turkey- Africa Cooperation Summit” held with the participation of 49 African countries on August 2008, in Istanbul, is considered as the beginning of a steady and sustainable cooperation process.

 Main Objectives:  The Turkish foreign policy towards Africa is not only based on mutually beneficial economic and trade objectives but also incorporates a comprehensive approach which includes development of Africa through technical and project assistance in the fields such as fight against diseases, agricultural development, irrigation, energy and education and regular flow of humanitarian aid.

 Turkey’s Major Activities in the Continent:  Turkey has become a leading country in humanitarian activities in the continent ranging from Somalia to Niger and Sudan. Turkish International Cooperation and Coordination Agency (TİKA) Program Coordinator Office in Africa was first opened in Addis Ababa in 2005 and later in Khartoum and Dakar in the years of 2006 and 2007 respectively. TİKA currently operates 9 Program Coordination Offices in Africa and these offices support development projects in their respective regions. TIKA conducts projects in African countries in cooperation with other state departments and Turkish NGOs which focuses on building resilience by improving agricultural production and by training local communities in farming techniques, mainly in the Sahel countries.

 Turkey became the fourth-largest donor in Including the contribution of the Turkish NGOs in the fields of health, education, and capacity building Turkey’s total humanitarian assistance reaches 2 billion US dollars per year. Turkey’s engagement in Somalia is an exemplary case (Turkey has allocated 300 million USD so far).   Africa had a share of %31 from Turkey’s ODA in 2012 which represents an amount of 772 million USD. Somalia came first among the countries who received Turkey’s ODA in 2012 with an amount of 86 million USD.

 In line with the developing relations, Turkey’s trade volume with the African continent reached 23 billion dollars in With compare to the level of 2005 (which was 9 billion USD), this number represents an increase of almost threefold.  We have provided 561 scholarships for students from Sub-Saharan Africa for the education year of Around 200 junior diplomats have attended training programmes organized by the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.