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Summarize @ Each Page Ending SSUSH 11 Cues/ Questions Impact of Railroads Notes Railroads = single largest business in the US Changed business practices forever Accounting Organization Capital Immigrant Labor German & Irish laborers from East to West Chinese laborers from West to East Development of the West Fed Govt granted land to Rail Co. Rail Co. could sell land for oil production Summarize @ Each Page Ending

Summarize @ Each Page Ending SSUSH 11 Cues/ Questions Trusts + Monopolies Notes Monopoly = company owning most of their competitors No room for competition No room for fair wage / prices Trust = Company designed to be in compliance with Anti-Monopoly laws Trust ‘manages’ finances for legally ‘independent’ companies John D. Rockefeller (1839 – 1937) 1863 – Rockefeller entered the Oil Refining Business Kerosene Standard Oil – 1870 1879 owned 90% of all Refineries Summarize @ Each Page Ending

Summarize @ Each Page Ending SSUSH 11 Cues/ Questions Trusts + Monopolies Notes Andrew Carnegie – Steel Cornelius Vanderbilt & Jay Gould – Railroads J.P. Morgan – Banking + Finance Summarize @ Each Page Ending

Summarize @ Each Page Ending SSUSH 11 Cues/ Questions Electricity Notes Thomas Edison Invented Electric light bulb Motion picture camera Phonograph Power Grid Industrial research Summarize @ Each Page Ending

Summarize @ Each Page Ending SSUSH 12 Cues/ Questions New Immigrants Notes 1776-1880 Most immigrants from Western Europe England Ireland Scotland Germany Beginning 1880s New Immigrants Eastern + Southern Europe Italy Greece Slavonic Countries Mid-East Poland Russia Summarize @ Each Page Ending

Summarize @ Each Page Ending SSUSH 12 Cues/ Questions New Immigrants Notes Ellis Island – immigration processing center NY Angel Island – immigration processing center California Processing 3-7 hours 29 Questions $25 fee Name Change in some cases Summarize @ Each Page Ending

Summarize @ Each Page Ending SSUSH 12 Cues/ Questions New Immigrants Notes Immigrants Overcrowding led to nativism & crime Increased demand for agricultural goods Low-wage labor available to exploit Cultural gains Opera Polka Pasta Hamburgers Frankfurters kindergarten Summarize @ Each Page Ending

Summarize @ Each Page Ending SSUSH 12 Cues/ Questions Rise of Organized Labor (Unions) Notes Union = group of workers in an industry or profession who agree to collectively bargain AFL – American Federation of Labor Samuel Gompers Not a Socialist / Communist Against Striking (in general) Very Effective Strategies until the G Depression Summarize @ Each Page Ending

Summarize @ Each Page Ending SSUSH 12 Cues/ Questions Rise of Organized Labor (Unions) Notes Pullman Strike 1893 Pullman Place Car Company Cut Wages Raised Rents ARU = American Railway Union Pres Eugene Debs President Grover Cleveland = Broke Strike using Military Debs arrested Summarize @ Each Page Ending

Summarize @ Each Page Ending SSUSH 12 Cues/ Questions Westward Expansion Notes Battle of Little Big Horn Sitting Bull – Lakota George Custer – US Custer attacks natives Natives encircle & slaughter US troops Sitting Bull Ghost Dance Shot for refusing to stop dance Wounded Knee Sitting Bull’s followers retreat to sacred territory Massacred by US Army Summarize @ Each Page Ending