Fin de Siecle Styles Symbolism Art Nouveau 1880-1910 1890-1905 Klimt, Pallas Athene, 1898 decadence, opulence paint is the carrier of symbolic meaning Athena usually holds figure of Nike (Victory) but this Athena holds a woman with a mirror, for modern man to see his reflection

Botticelli Giorgione Durer Fusili Bosch What artists of the past can we think of who used symbolism to interject meaning into their artwork? Botticelli Giorgione Durer Fusili Bosch

“the beauty of inertia” love of symbolism of Hindu art Wagnerian heroic symbolism also had a huge impact on many artists Jupiter and Semele, 1878 …she dies by seeing great god Gustave Moreau 1826-98 “the beauty of inertia” love of symbolism of Hindu art The Apparition, 1874 Salome viewing the head of John the Baptist

X But the “New Symbolism” of the turn of the century rejected representations of: virtue morality progress history seascapes domestic animals still life orientalism realism rationalism X

What was left? “Suggestion, that is the Dream…” De Chevannes, The Dream, 1893 To the Symbolists, great art should be: ideative (stating an idea) symbolist (the idea comes in a form) synthetic (the idea is generally recognizable) subjective (as seen through the artist and interpreted through the viewer) decorative (visually suggestive and interesting)

Odilon Redon looked through the microscope of the mind Cyclops, 1914 Guardian Spirit of the Waters, 1874 Crying Spider, 1881 Odilon Redon looked through the microscope of the mind to create his images

Poet Rimbaud, in 1874: “To be a seer, you must be deranged” Henri Rousseau Sleeping Gypsy, 1897 personal fantasy sleeping subconscious also naïve, also fauve Poet Rimbaud, in 1874: “To be a seer, you must be deranged”

Heroes of the Symbolist movement (coming from many different “schools”) were: Paul Gauguin, Vision after the Sermon, 1888

Edvard Munch Norwegian Yes, he could be called an Expressionist, Madonna, 1902 Edvard Munch Norwegian Yes, he could be called an Expressionist, but Symbolism also applies…emotion and subject matter are intertwined The Cry, 1893

Paul Serusier Interested in the endless, not the immediate “I believe in a last judgement where... (Romantics, showing sentiment, will all go to hell)... while the faithful disciples of Great Art will be glorified and surrounded by …rays, perfumes and melodious sounds…for all eternity in the divine source of harmony.” ---Wagner Interested in the endless, not the immediate Paul Serusier part of the Nabi (“prophet”) School of painters that included Vuillard and Denis Talisman, 1888

Gustav Klimt an Art Nouveau artist from Austria --- the Secessionists who saw beauty in the dream The Kiss, 1907

Aubrey Beardsley an Art Nouveau artist from England, sometimes referred to as a “decadent artist” who leaned on the occult and mystical in his graphic designs Paganism was experiencing a revival now that Darwin had opened the debate of the origin of mankind Peacock Skirt, 1893

Art Nouveau 1890-1914 . Gesamtkunstwerk!! Unified art Art Nouveau was a concerted attempt to create an international style based on decoration “The New Art” . Gesamtkunstwerk!! Unified art Art is in everything …furniture, clothing, fabrics, jewelry, buildings Lalique’s Dragonfly Pin Art Nouveau was a response to the Industrial Revolution. Some artists were excited by the new materials and potential of the Industrial Age, while others feared the destruction of culture and beauty with the emergence of mass production.

was inspiration for the Japanese art, with its beautiful, flowing lines and focus on nature, was inspiration for the Art Nouveau movement Hiroshige, Plum Estate, One Hundred Famous Views of Edo, 1856 Lautrec’s copy is on the right; Edo=Tokyo Hokusai, Waterfall, 1832

The Paris Exhibition of 1900 A mammoth, chaotic event, the Universal International Exhibition held in Paris in 1900 was a late celebration of nineteenth-century values, imperialism and eclecticism. It included displays of real live “natives” from African colonies compete with camels and exotic animals. But the exhibition was also intended to look forward to the new century: an elevated electric railway surrounded the site, and it held examples of what the general public considered to be the last word in modern architecture and design, epitomized by Art Nouveau.

A true international style, Art Nouveau stretched itself around the world Louis Tiffany (American, 1848-1933) Louis Sullivan (American, 1856-1924) Antonio Gaudí (Spanish, 1852-1926) Alphonse Mucha (Czechoslovakian, 1860-1939) Gustav Klimt (Austrian, 1862-1918) Rene Lalique (French, 1860-1945) Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (French, 1861-1901) Hector Guimard (French, 1867-1942) Charles Mackintosh (Scottish, 1868- 1928) Aubrey Beardsley (English, 1872- 1898) Mucha bust, Czech Mackintosh window Glasgow Guimard Metro sign, Paris

Artists were inspired by the organic…. Zsolnay vase, 1899

…including insects... Tiffany Lamp Galle, Dragonfly bowl, 1904

Furniture was part of the “Gestamkunstwerk” of Art Nouveau

Wallpaper, clothing and jewelry were organically designed

Louis Tiffany American craftsman stained glass jewelry lamps, glassware

Art Nouveau posters and prints, inspired by Lautrec, displayed the elegance of the new, turn-of-the century art... Toulouse Lautrec, 1890

Mucha, JOB cigarette paper poster, 1898 Fin