10. Coordination and Response 10.1 Nervous control in humans.

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Presentation transcript:

10. Coordination and Response 10.1 Nervous control in humans

Human Central Nervous System

A: …………………………………………………………….. B ……………………………………………………………… C:………………………………………………………………

Human Central Nervous System Motor neurons (effectors)Sensory neurons (+ receptor)

Human Central Nervous System Relay (intermediate) neurons (connectors) Reflex arc

Human Central Nervous System Sensory neuron: …………………………………………………………………….. Relay neuron: …………………………………………………………………….. Motor neuron: ……………………………………………………………………..

Reflex Arc

Reflex Action Receptor: triggered (stimulus) Sensory neuron: excited (relay neuron: excited) Motor neuron: excited Effector: triggered (response)

Reflex Action Receptor: ……………………………………………………. Sensory neuron: …………………………………………. (relay neuron: …………………………………………….. Motor neuron: ……………………………………………. Effector: ………………………………………………………

Reflexes

Pain SN Spinal cord RN MN Effector muscle Contraction Movement Sound SN Brain MN Effector gland Release of product

Muscle Action

Biceps and Triceps are antagonistic muscles. Muscles can only contract. To relax (stretch) a muscle, another force is needed. Usually this is achieved by an antagonistic muscle. Sometimes the shape of the muscle (eg ring muscles) or gravity acts as an antagonist. Antagonistic muscles are essential for controlled movement.

Sense Organs Receptor (cells) change stimulus into an electrical impulse to be carried by a sensory neuron to the CNS (areas of the brain). Here the impulse is translated into a sensation.

Sense Organs

Sense organStimulusReceptor cellsBrain centreResult Eye Ear Nose Skin Tongue

Eye

Ear

Nose

Skin

Tongue

Structure of the Eye

Conjuctiva Cornea Iris Pupil Lens Ciliary muscle Suspensory ligament

Structure of the Eye Conjuctiva …………………………………………………. Cornea ………………………………………………………. Iris …………………………………………………………….. Pupil …………………………………………………………. Lens ………………………………………………………….. Ciliary muscle ……………………………………………. Suspensory ligament ………………………………….

Structure of the Eye Sclera Choroid Retina Fovea Optic nerve

Structure of the Eye Sclera …………………………………………………………... Choroid ……………………………………………………….. Retina ………………………………………………………….. Fovea …………………………………………………………… Optic nerve …………………………………………………..

Function of the Eye

Accomodation

Object far away: lens as flat as possible (not accomodated) Object between 6 m and 30 cm: lens gets thicker (rounder), accomodation Object close by: lens as thick as possible (fully accomodated)

Accomodation Object far away: ……………………………………………………………………. Object between 6 m and 30 cm: ……………………………………………………………………. Object close by: …………………………………………………………………….

Pupil reflex

Structure of the Retina

Rods: ……………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… Cones: ……………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………