Outline the physiological processes that occur during Kreb's cycle (the second stage of the aerobic system) 4 marks. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the aerobic system. 4 marks

( Sub max 4) pyruvic acid converted to acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetic acid produces citric acid hydrogen released/reduction occurs carbon dioxide given off exothermic reaction (that releases energy) to resynthesise 2 A TP Advantages and Disadvantages (Sub max 4) (Advantages) high quantities of A TP are resynthesised (presence of oxygen allows for) full breakdown of glycogen (high levels of oxygen) allow for breakdown of fats fats are the most efficient energy fuel no fatiguing by-products (Disadvantages) time delay (before sufficient oxygen available)/slow process complex series of reactions can only be used at low/medium exercise intensity breakdown of fats requires very large quantities of oxygen 15% more than for the breakdown of glycogen

Physiological Adaptations Of Aerobic Training Changes take place in the lungs, heart, vascular system, blood and muscles. Below are the changes. What are the effects? How much of your adaptations worksheet can you complete? Lung volume. Strengthening respiratory muscles Greater tidal volume Myocardial hypertrophy Decreased resting heart rate Increased number of capillaries Blood plasma volume Red blood cell & haemoglobin MitochondriaMyoglobin levels High enzyme activity Increased number of slow twitch muscle fibres Stroke volume

Describe and explain the neural and physiological changes that occur to skeletal muscle after a period of aerobic weight training. (submax 5) neural changes) 23. greater force can be generated during contraction 24. recruitment of more motor units 25. improved synchronisation of motor units 26. inhibition of tension threshold of Golgi tendon organ/autogenic inhibition delayed 28. improved coordination of antagonistic muscle pairs

(physiological changes) 30. increased number of muscle fibres available for contraction 31. hyperplasia/muscle fibre splitting 32. increased aerobic capacity of muscle/increased amount of oxygen used in the muscle 33 Increased mitochondria density 34. increased myoglobin stores 35. increased glycogen stores 36. increased capillary density/capillarisation 38. increase in aerobic enzyme activity 39. increase in buffering capacity/tolerance to lactic acid/resistance to fatigue/work for longer

Muscular adaptations to strength training. Factors that determine strength? Using your table of adaptation explanations decide which of the following explanation goes where: Hypertrophy & hyperplasia of fast twitch muscle fibres. Increased stores of ATP & PC Increased activity of ATP-PC energy system enzymes. Increased recruitment of motor units. Enhanced buffering capacity Increased glycolytic capacity

Paired Questioning Compare and apply relevant guidelines that need to be considered in order to develop explosive and endurance strength to one strength weight training session. (6).

Guidelines Of Specificity & Overload Explosive 1.Major muscle groups of legs involved 2.Utilise FT muscle fibres. 3.Utilise ATP/PC/alactacid system. Weights: heavy 70-90% of 1RM. Reps: 1-5 Sets: 3-5 Frequency: 3-7 times per week. 1:3 Ratio/full recovery between sets (2-5 mins) Aerobic 1.Major muscle groups of legs involved 2.Utilise ST muscle fibres. 3.Utilise Aerobic energy system. Weights: Moderate 50-75% 1RM Reps: 10+ Sets: Fewer 3 Frequency: Less 3-5 for recovery 1:2 ratio/60 secs recovery