A Programme for Universalization of Elementary Education

Mission Statement Empowering of children to be active participants in a knowledge society. A result-oriented approach with accountability towards performance and output at all levels. A people-centred mode of Implementation of educational interventions with involvement of all stakeholders, especially teachers, parents, community and Panchayati Raj institutions and voluntary organisations. An equity-based approach that focuses on the needs of educationally backward areas and disadvantaged social groups including children with special needs. A holistic effort to ensure convergence of investments and initiatives for improving the efficiency of the elementary education system. Institutional reforms and capacity building to ensure a sustained effort for UEE.

SSA GOALS All children in school, Education Guarantee Centre, Alternate School, ‘Back-to-School’ camp by 2005 Bridging gender and social gaps in: Primary : 2007 Elementary : 2010 Universal retention by 2010 Focus on satisfactory quality with emphasis on education for life

SSA NATIONAL MISSION PRIME MINISTER Governing Council Minister for Human Resource Development Executive Committee SECRETARY SE & L Project Approval Board Joint Secretary & DG SSA Department of SE & L 6 Teacher Union reps. 5 Educationists/Scientists 6 NGO reps. 3 Women’s Org. Reps 3 Institutional Members working for SC & ST Reps of National Resource Insts Ex-officio members HRM, FM, Dy. Chairman Planning Commission 3 Ministers of State 3 MPs 6 Political Parties’ Reps. 6 Edu. Ministers of State Govts. NCERT NUEPA NCTE IGNOU TSG(Ed.CIL) Monitoring Institutions Joint Review Missions Educational & Prog. MIS

Goal 1: All children in School What does SSA Provide Providing basic facilities in each school Primary schools within 1 k.m. radius and a n upper primary school in the ratio of 2: 1 PS:UPS Education Guarantee Scheme and Alternative Innovative Education centres as alternative schools. Additional classrooms – a room for every teacher with minimum of 2 teachers at Primary and 3 teachers at Upper primary level Toilets/drinking water/child friendly elements. Additional teachers to get pupil teacher ratio of 40:1.

Goal – I : All Children in School / EGS / AIE by 2005 Gross Enrolment Ratios GER at primary stage is 103.7 GER at upper primary stage is 64. Lowest GER are in Bihar, Punjab, Haryana, Goa and A&N Islands Huge enrolment Increase in Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh. GER at Primary Level

Goal – I contd…/- Out of School Children In lakhs The number of out of school children is 76 lakh (2007). 3.8% OoSC – “hardest to reach” category of children. 60% OoSC are in Bihar, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh. No. of districts>50,000 OOSC – 36. Plan to cover 11 lakh through EGS and 48 lakh through AIE this year.

Targets up to 2006-07 (in lakh) Additional Classrooms Goal – I : All Children in School / EGS / AIE by 2005 Access at Primary Stage Infrastructure Item Targets up to 2006-07 (in lakh) New Schools opened 2.40 Teachers appointed 10.03 Drinking Water 1.7 Toilets 2.35 Construction School building Additional Classrooms 1.83 6.92 Access less (no school within 1 km.) habitations as per 7th AIES 1,60,528 Primary schools provided till 2007-08 under SSA and DPEP 2,04,200 Number of EGS centres functional by the end of 2007-08 is 57,000 Access at Upper Primary Stage Access less (no school within 3 km.) habitations as per 7th AIES 1,69,492 Upper Primary Schools provided till 2007-08 under SSA 124300 PS to UPS at the National level is 2.6:1 States Advised to map requirements of UPS as per distance and population norms

Thrust in 11th Plan Identify and mainstream ‘hard to reach’ children Focus on bridge courses / programmes. Address residual access Fill infrastructure gaps – priorities upper primary schools 6.37 lakh additional classrooms for SCR 1:40

Goal 2: Bridging Gender and Social Category Gaps Programme for participation of girls Free Text Books National Programme on Education of Girls at Elementary level started in 3291 educationally backward blocks. Innovative activities like pre-school centres/bridge courses/vocational education/bicycles etc. Gender sensitization of education personnel and teachers. Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (residential schools) in 2810 educationally backward blocks . Innovative activities in several States – Life skills education, remedial teaching, vocational training for older girls, health and hygiene camps and uniforms / incentives.

Goal – II : Bridging Gender & Social Category Gap at primary by 2007 & elementary by 2010 Upper Primary Primary Girls enrolment up from 45.02% (2003-04) to 45.80% (2005-06). Gender gap reduced at upper primary 81 distt. Gender gap > 20% pts. High gender gap in: Rajasthan(23.6)Bihar (22.3) Jharkhand(11.8)MP(11.7) Uttar Pradesh (9.4) Girls enrolment up from 47.18% (2003-04) to 47.79% (2005-06). Gender gap reduced at Pry (DISE) 48 distt. Gender Gap > 10% pts. High gender gap Bihar(11.3)Rajasthan (7.07) Gujarat(6.1)Jharkhand (5.0) 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 9.4 8.9 8.0 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 5.1 4.6

Promoting Education of SC and ST Children Goal – II contd…/- Promoting Education of SC and ST Children Free Text Books. 242 KGBV in SC and 457 in ST Blocks with 25% of SC & 29% ST girls covered in all KGBVs. Rs. 15 lakh per district for SC/ST innovation. EGS & AIE centres being opened in tribal areas with relaxed norms (10-15 children). Recruitment of local tribal teachers. Development of specific modules for training of teachers in tribal areas (AP, Gujarat, Orissa). Use of primers in tribal languages to help in better transition to State language. Targeted Provisioning in 61 SC & 106 ST concentration districts

Share of SC and ST Students Goal – II contd…/- Share of SC and ST Students Primary Upper Primary 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 SC 21.3% 20.75% 20.40% 19.33% 20.10% 19.09% ST 10.20% 10.71% 11.55% 8.08% 8.84% 8.76% *Source DISE data. Highest SC share in Punjab (47%), Haryana (31%), UP (28%). Highest ST share in North Eastern States, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Jharkhand. Gender Parity an issue at upper primary level among SC. Gender parity an issue at primary & upper primary level among ST.

What Does SSA Provide for Children With Special need Support to CWSN, specific provision of Rs 1200 per child Coverage through enrolment in schools(19.97 lakh), EGS/AIE centres(1.12 lakh) and home based education (77140). Provided assistive devices to 7.12 lakh CWSN Teachers training to 50000 teachers 6678 resource teachers appointed in 21 States. Barrier free access ramps in the 5.02 lakh school 620 NGOs involved in planning for IE, identification on CWSN, provision of aids and appliances, training on teachers etc. Focus now on in-class attention and appropriate materials/ teaching methods for enrolling CWSN

CWSN – Inclusive Education SSA has zero rejection policy

Thrust in 11th Plan Lower Gender Gap in literacy by 10% pts. Revamp NPEGEL for specific block projects @ Rs. 25 lakh per block per year. Enlarge eligibility criteria of EBB’s for NPEGEL & KGBV Bring SC, ST at par. Small school norms for ST areas. Hostels for boys @ KGBV norms. (ST & Minorities Focus on minority dominated areas. Priority targeting for completing infrastructure gaps in districts / blocks with socially disadvantaged categories. Enhance CWSN norms and Focus on Girl Child with Disability

Goal III : Universal Retention by 2010 Dropout rates (pry.) have declined by 4.5 percent points. Reduction in girls drop out by 5 percent points. Transition rates Pry. to U. Pry. improve from 74.15 (2003-04) to 83.36 (2005-06). *DISE Dropout Rates

Goal III : Universal Retention by 2010 Drop out at Pry Level 9.96% < 10 AP, HP, Chattisgarh, Gujarat, J&K Karnataka, Kerala, MP, Maharashtra, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamilnadu, Tripura 10 – 15 Assam, , Haryana, UP, WB Uttarakhand, > 15 Jharkhand, Bihar Meghalaya , Rajasthan Arunachal Pradesh Upto 5% 5 to 10% 10 to 15% 16 to 20% > 20%

Thrust in XIth Plan – Universal Retention Dropout to reduce from 52.2% (2003-04) to 20% (2011-12) at elementary level. Incentivise Upper Primary Level Library infrastructure More staff at BRC for upper primary requirements. Special teacher training for upper primary schools. Free text books and uniforms to all Furniture for every child Special focus on science and maths learning. Enhanced ICT input.

Goal IV: Improving Quality of Education What SSA Provides for Quality improvement Provide additional teachers for PTR 1: 40 with minimum of two teachers Grants – Teachers Development of improved textbooks Free textbooks for girls, SC, ST’s Remedial teaching (for students needing greater attention ) Annual 20 day training of teachers Decentralized academic support to schools/teachers through block & cluster level resource centers Improved pupil assessment systems School monitoring indicators

Goal IV: Improving Quality of Education States with high PTR PTR at primary – 41:1 and at upper primary is 29:1 State have recruited 7.98 lakhs teachers against the target of 10.12 lakhs teachers. PTR more than 41:1 at elementary level

Progress against Quality Inputs Goal – IV contd../- Progress against Quality Inputs Target (2006-07) % Achievement Teacher Training 34.05 lakh teachers 87% TLE Grant 1.08 lakh schools 62% School Grant 10.1 lakh schools 95% TLM Grant 39.34 lakh teachers 90% Free Textbooks 6.68 crore students 96% Remedial training 43.60 lakh students 78% Functional BRCs 6746 centres 99% Functional CRCs 70388 centres 94%

Assessment based learning improvement efforts Quality Tracking in Kerala KSQAO – Karnataka ABL – Tamil Nadu CLAPS – Andhra Pradesh LATS – Orissa GAP – Gujarat Buniyad – Jharkhand Read C. – Chhattisgarh Read M. – Madhya Pradesh LAP, LGP – Rajasthan School Grading, Nayee Disha – UP PLEP – Punjab SSUU – West Bengal Bidya Jyoti, LAP – Assam School Monitoring - Uttarakhand Learning Improvement Initiatives Recent initiatives

Thrust in 11th Plan Working Group: On Quality Develop minimum standards of educational attainment Regular testing to monitor effectiveness of education. ICT for enhancing learning levels. Define ‘improved quality’ in operational terms. Distinguish assessment for performance of individual students, grading school effectiveness & teachers & learner achievement trends, national Surveys for quick comparable results / analysis on direction of learning outcomes. Acquisition of basic skills of literacy & numeracy in early primary grades. Creation of capacity within the school for dealing with ‘diversity’ in students. Enhance SSA’s framework to support more quality related activities. Contd.

What Does SSA Provide for Community Involvement Community involvement - must in SSA Village Education Committees and School Management Committees given key role in SSA implementation. 50% funds go to VEC/ SMC VECs/Women’s groups monitor primary schools Roles in implementation/monitoring assigned to Panchayati Raj Institutions. More than 6000 NGOs involved in support to, and implementation of SSA interventions.

Thrust in 11th Plan : Community Participation Road map for decentralisation of school governance with defined milestones. Community control over recruitment & placement of teachers. Block based / school based cadres.\ Substitute teachers. Development of annual school plans with community involvements, with clear focus on quality parameters. 1% of districts outlay for community mobilisation activities. Promoting participation of NGOs and private sectors in providing facilities for deprived urban children.

Educational Development Index (EDI) 1st quartile 2nd quartile 3rd quartile 4th quartile

District EDI Distribution State/UT Per cent districts in different Quartiles Quartile 1 Quartile 2 Quartile 3 Quartile 4 Himachal Pradesh 100.00% 0.00% Sikkim Tamil Nadu 96.60% 3.40% Delhi 88.90% 11.10% Mizoram 75.00% 12.50% Karnataka 66.70% 25.90% 7.40% Andhra Pradesh 56.50% 30.40% 8.70% 4.30% Uttarakhand 53.80% 38.50% 7.70% Punjab 52.90% 47.10% Maharashtra 45.70% 51.40% 2.90% J & K 35.70% 21.40% 42.90% Gujarat 32.00% 60.00% 8.00% Nagaland 25.00% 50.00% Manipur 33.30% 44.40%

Monitoring/ Feedback EMIS for 2006-07 under compilation (received from 25 States / UTs). School Report Cards 2006-07 on website. 56 MI Reports received for 28 States / UTs (on website) IPAI Reports received for 21 States. CAG Performance Audit responded to & evidence on 13th Feb’07. PAC Report received. 9 Independent Assessment Studies initiated.

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