A Sketch of the Battlefield Emily Berry and Morghen Philippi.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Avian Mating Systems Table 13-1 Monogamy 90% Polygamy Polygyny 2%
Advertisements

According to natural selection, what are both females and males selected to do ? Survive and reproduce Certain traits favor survival and reproduction.
Mating Systems ZOL 313 June 11, 2008.
Sexual Selection & Mating systems I. Sexual selection overview A. Hypothesis B. Mechanisms C. Natural Selection v. Sexual Selection D. Males more affected.
Mating Systems. Mating System Species typical pattern of mate-finding, reproduction and parenting of offspring.
Mating systems: a simple classification. Monogamy in Mammals Monogamy is rare in mammals Why? Females put in most of the parental investment Exception:
Animal Interactions Responses to the biotic environment.
Chapter 11 Opener: The mating systems of many species involve defense of food resources.
Sexual selection, a brief review Some basic principles. Some examples. Difference between sexual and natural selection. Sex role reversal. Video -Why Sex.
Diversity of reproduction Asexual reproduction Parthenogenesis Hermaphrodites Sequential hermaphrodites - protogyny (F  M) or protoandry (M  F) Sexual.
The Coevolutionary Battle of the Sexes (Part II) Post-Copulatory Sexual Selection.
How is sexual selection different from natural selection?
Mating Systems Causes Types and distribution Ecological factors –Polygyny threshold –Polyandry.
Sexual Selection in the Sea. Darwin’s postulates & evolution IF –Variation: phenotypic variation among individuals within population –Inheritance: some.
Sexual and Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Selection (I). Costs of sex Cost of meiosis Cost of producing males Cost of courtship and mating.
A Recap Regarding Senescence Selection is more powerful in the stages up to the age of peak reproductive value If a pleiotropic gene is introduced that.
EVOLUTION, SEXUAL REPRODUCTION, SEXUAL DIMORPHISM, AND REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES.
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Exploring Biological Anthropology: The Essentials, 3 rd Edition CRAIG STANFORD JOHN S. ALLEN.
Multicellular Organisms. Tissue - a group of similar cells that together perform a specific function in an organism.
Announcements. Sexual selection underlies the evolution of male competition and female choice. In many species, males and females are similar in appearance.
Class PP for Friday April 30 (Cl. #39). What Determines the Sex Ratio This traces to the idea that a parent only has so much energy to invest in offspring.
Sexual Selection.
McElreath, R., & Solis, J. (2001). Can females gain extra paternal investment by mating with multiple males? A game theoretic approach. American Naturalist,
Chapter 4.3.  Gametes:  Reproductive cells. They contain half the usual number of chromosomes.  Egg:  Gamete that is formed by the female.  Sperm:
Behavioral Ecology Introduction Social behavior Sexual selection.
EVOLUTIONARY BASES OF BEHAVIOR. DARWIN’S INSIGHTS Wrote On the Origin of Species Identified natural selection as the mechanism that controls the process.
Mating Systems & Social Behavior
Comparative Methods for Studying Trait Evolution “Comparative methods” are used to: 1) compare traits across many species to determine if similar traits.
Snake Mating Systems, Behavior, and Evolution: The Revisionary Implications of Recent Findings Rivas, Jesus A., Burghardt, Gordon M. (2005). Snake Mating.
Reproductive System 7 th Grade Notes. Vocab Reproduction- the process by which new organisms are produced. It is essential to the continuation of life.
Many organisms reproduce by cell division.
You and Your Genes Revision Lesson 1. What are Genes? All living organisms are made of cells All living organisms are made of cells Most cells have a.
The Biology of Love * *Please note. This discussion in no way attempts to discuss love in a religious context. Rather it is merely an entertaining way.
S ELECTION FOR INDIVIDUAL SURVIVAL AND REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS CAN EXPLAIN DIVERSE BEHAVIORS Chapter 51, Section 3 August 31, 2015-Septermber 1, 2015.
Sex.
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert.
Evolution of Mating Systems Chapter 8. Mating Systems-Chapter 8 1 Monogamy 2 Polyandry 3 Polygyny And the many combinations within!
11.3 Other Mechanisms of Evolution KEY CONCEPT Natural selection is not the only mechanism through which populations evolve.
Hosler: “Optical Allusions” another graphic novel exploring the evolution of eyes f.
MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION DO POPULATIONS OR INDIVIDUALS EVOLVE? DO POPULATIONS OR INDIVIDUALS EVOLVE? WHAT IS A GENE POOL WHAT IS A GENE POOL HOW CAN THE.
Sexual selection & mating systems
Mating Systems.
CHAPTER 51 BEHAVIORAL BIOLOGY Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Section D1: Social Behavior and Sociobiology 1.Sociobiology.
Reproduction Chapter 7. Sexual Selection Darwin's theory to explain traits that aren't obviously advantageous
Scales of Ecological Organization Organism Population Community Ecosystem Biosphere.
I.Why Reproduce? A. To Pass Along DNA B. To Populate Species.
SECTION 6.1 CHROMOSOMES AND MEIOSIS. YOU HAVE BODY CELLS AND GAMETES  Somatic Cells  Definition: body cells; make up most of your body tissues and organs;
Biology 484 – Ethology Chapter 11 – Evolution of Mating Systems.
Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis (and gametogenesis)
Sexual Selection & Investment Why do males usually evolve the ‘sexy’ traits? Why do females usually do the choosing? What do we mean by ‘investment’? Is.
Mating systems Monogamy = pair bond between one male and one female
Mating Notepacket #3 Mating Systems.
Variation.
Mating Tactics and Mating Systems
Mating Strategies Monogamy Polygamy Polygyny: one male, 2+ females
HUMAN REPRODUCTION BIOLOGY 269
Reproductive strategies for Survival
Mitosis vs. Meiosis.
The Reproductive System Anatomy
Mating systems A conglomeration of characteristics of populations and individuals that affect reproduction.
Module 08: Behavior Unit 2: Individuals and Populations
Chapter 8 Primate Behavior
How do organisms create offspring through sexual reproduction?
Sexual Reproduction Involves the union of reproductive cells (gametes) from two different parents, called fertilization and results in the formation of.
Year 10, Pathway C 2012 New Generations.
Meiosis & Sexual Reproduction
Objective -1 Gene structure and organisation..
Presentation transcript:

A Sketch of the Battlefield Emily Berry and Morghen Philippi

Definition of Sex ● What is the definition of sex?

Definition of Sex Merriam-Webster: the sum of the structural, functional, and behavioral characteristics of organisms that are involved in reproduction marked by the union of gametes and that distinguish males and females

Bateman’s Principle Natural selection favors males who eagerly and indiscriminately pursue mates and choosy females ● Polygyny: mating system in which males mate with multiple females ● What support is there for Bateman’s Principle? Why does it “make sense”? What would you say to someone who teaches you the Bateman’s Principle?

Polyandry Mating system in which females mate with multiple males ● Why would polyandry evolve?

Types of Polyandry ● Convenience polyandry: Instead of expending energy to resist fighting unwanted matings, the females just lay down and take it. ● Fraternal polyandry: Male brothers mate with one female. ● Genetic-benefit polyandry: In female arthropods that can store sperm, the female will mate with multiple males in order to have a diverse sperm pool, and thus more genetic diversity, to fertilise her eggs with. ● Mate-defence polyandry: As in the phalarope, where the female guards her multiple male mates. ● Maternal-benefit polyandry: In which females mate with multiple males due to benefits given by sexually- active males, usually nutrition or protection. ● Serial (sequential) polyandry: In which females form monogamous pairs with multiple males in succession. ● Simultaneous polyandry: Similar to serial polyandry, but forms the pairs at the same time. ● Sperm-replenishment polyandry: In which females mate with multiple males to refill their sperm banks (see genetic-benefit polyandry).

Sick of Sex in India ● Mate for 10 weeks

Spooked in Gabon ● Spiky penis ●

Perplexed in Cloverhill ● Males die after sex

Time for a Game! Complete the matches on your worksheet!

Matching Game! A.B. C. D. E.G. F. H.

So What? ● Why does sexual conflict exist? Shouldn’t males and females want to cooperate? ● How does sexual conflict relate to the Red Queen Hypothesis? ● What factors might promote the evolution of the following mating systems: o polyandry o polygygy o monogamy

Exploration Develop a research question regarding sexual conflict and polyandry. ● You have unlimited funds and resources

Sources For Worksheet ● / twisted-world-of-sexual- organs/index.html ● Dr. Tatiana’s Sex Advice to All Creation