Modern Distance Education in China —History, Status, Policies, Market and Development Feiyu KANG The School of Continuing Education Tsinghua University Jan. 22, 2003

History of Distance Education in China Teaching by correspondence ( 函授 ): –1952, mailing teaching materials + F2F tutorial University of Broadcast & Television ( 广播 电视大学 ): –1978, teaching by Broadcast and TV CUBT is the largest U, 1 million students

Milestones of Modern Distance Learning in China March 1996 Prof.Wang Dazhong of Tsinghua Univ. proposed to have Modern Distance Education. March universities including Tsinghua got the permission from the Ministry of Education to become pilots, 67 top Chinese universities joined this program by far. July 2000 Coordination Group of Modern Distance Education of Chinese Universities was founded. Tsinghua was elected as a chief unit. Oct China education broadband internet was opened Dec The pilot university was asked to submit annual review report.

67 Pilot Universities in 5 Lots First Lot （ March-April,1999 年） : 4+1 Tsinghua University Zhejiang University Hunan University Beijing University of Communication Central University of Broadcast & Television (CUBT)

Policies for Pilot Universities Enrollment scale: no limitation, no plan, no quota Recruitment method ： examination is given by university self Majors setup ： setup by university Learning period ： flexible

Enrollment number growth rapidly (unit:10000, total: 1.5 million)

Statistics of Students Types

Age Distribution of Students

Popular topics: Universities% Computer Sci & Tech Law 2147 Business & Administration English Accounting Trading and Marketing 12 27

Data Transportation modes Internet 72 % Satellite 44 % Cable TV 29 % Video Conference 71 % CD-ROM 78 % F2F 68 % The above 2-3 modes were adopted by each university.

Major problems ① Too many students are learning for degrees: 94% ② Most of freshmen are post high-school students: 31% ③ Some universities are over capability: teaching and management resource, technique support ④ Recruitment ratio was too high: 83% ⑤ Some learning centers were unqualified

New Strategies from the Ministry of Education 1.Regular guidance 2.Annual review report and certificate 3.Public support system (via CUBT) 4.Encourage adult education and continuing education in part-time ， and limit high school graduate 5.Strengthening teaching, examination and learning centers

Market Lack of high education resource: the current ratio of enrollment is only 13%, more people are looking for the opportunity Many provinces are very poor: they are waiting for the excellent education program Continuing education is urgent needed after joining the WTO Number of students want to study abroad

Modern Distance Education in Tsinghua The earliest and largest distance education unit in China (since 1997) More than 100 off-shore campus learning centers established in the whole country 22,000 students for degrees and 10,000 for short course training Around 200 courses provided by internet and satellite

Roles of Tsinghua University in Distance Learning To provide authorization and certificates To provide classrooms with multimedia equipment for all audience to watch at the same time To provide online courseware as well as CD-ROM and other materials To provide web-based discussion and tutorial platform: To provide supervision and training for tutors in learning centers

Tsinghua University Distance Learning Centers Participants Authorization and support Feedback Provide classroom and facilitator Exam and Feedback Web-based discussion Operation Mode Diagram

Program for Junior College Graduates to Apply for Bachelor’ s degree Law Economics English Art and Design –Graphic design, environmental art design Computer applied technology Marketing (IHM Business School) The total enrollment is (from 2000 to 2002)

Specialized Refresher Courses at Postgraduate Level Business and Management (MBA) Computer Application Technology Civil and Commercial Law Education Economics and Management Project Management (U. of New South Walls) International marketing (U. of South Australia) Actuary (University of Connecticut) The total enrollment is 8489 (from 1998 to 2002)

Short courses for Professional training by distance learning Teachers training (middle and primary schools in west China) Insurance and finance (actuary, accounting, CFA) English (Olympics2008 and Exp2010) Innovation administration ( The Australia National University) Urban planning Tourism and hospitality management

Future Development in Distance Education Providing comprehensive and high-quality professional training programs Being a continuing education platform for enterprises Strengthening the collaboration with the top education agencies in the world Extending Web-based education system

3in1 Online Tutorial System Broadband internet (CERNET: Gigabps) Satellite special net (Asia Sat II: C-band, 6.5 Mb) ISDN special net MCU-based functions: integration of voice, image, with electric white board Tutorial & seminar: multi-points communication

Modeling Project for Web-college Modeling Project for Web-college Planning Quality Control Teaching monitor Teaching courseware Courseware Examination Course Bank 网上教室 作业 BBS Chat 个人学习 网上小组讨论 网上实验室 虚拟资料室 Registration Certificates 管理工作流 Teaching Work Flow The system based on internet may offer university courses ， such as online class, discussion, tutorial, assignment. It also supports course planning, teaching management, quality control, and so on 。 The system based on internet may offer university courses ， such as online class, discussion, tutorial, assignment. It also supports course planning, teaching management, quality control, and so on 。

Distance Education for Poverty-help 592 key poverty-help counties 10 provinces in western China Undeveloped economics and lack of education resource Sat., Internet, ISDN and CD-ROM Law Teachers training Agriculture technology Hospital & health Business & Management ……

Support and Collaboration Market; –Universities –Government –Industries –Individuals Support: –Courseware –Certificate & degrees –Technologies –Finance Joint Programme: –Short course training –Long-term diploma Joint Virtual- –Seminar –Workshop –Class –University

Thank You Very Much!