Mass Society & Democracy Chapter 20 Mr. Bermudez

Do Now  Answer the question below  How might industrialization impact the economic, political, and social situation throughout the world?  Homework: Marconi Biography Questions

The Second Industrial Revolution  Industrial progress was extremely strong in the West  A lot of money to be made!  Why is money associated with progress? How might this motivate people to industrialize?  Second Industrial Revolution : technological revolution in the following industries  Steel  Chemicals  Electricity  Petroleum

New Products  Bessemer Process : a new process making high quality steel efficient and cheap.  Sir Henry Bessemer, 1855  Electricity : valuable form of energy which can generate heat, light, and motion. Easily transferred through wires  Thomas Edison : invented light bulb  “We will make electricity so cheep that only the rich will burn candles”  Alexander Graham Bell : invented the telephone in 1876.

New Patterns  People made more money and consumer goods cost less  Why might this be?  Assembly Line : manufacturing method in which broke up tasks to put together a product, making it easy to make a good faster  Mass Production : thanks to the Assembly line companies can produce more of a product, lowering the price.

Toward a World Economy  What might be meant by a world economy? Explain.  Receiving goods  Investing in infrastructure  Europe dominates world economy

Working Class  Industrialized Society  Harsh conditions on workers  Crowded Slums  Long Hours  Dangerous Work Environment

Goals for Reform  Reformers believe Industrial Capitalism is Brutal and Heartless  Moderates : work within the system, fewer hours better benefits, safe working conditions  Radicals : abolish the capitalist system and create a socialist one.

Marx’s Theory  Karl Marx : wrote the Communist Manifesto  “history of class struggles”  Oppressor and the Oppressed  Bourgeoisie : middle class  Proletariat : working class  Struggle would lead to revolution  Dictatorship : a government which has a person or small groups has absolute power  Abolishment of economic differences, no classes

Socialist Parties  Social Democratic Party : encouraging revolution  Second International : global party fighting capitalism around the world.  Revisionist : rejected revolutionary approach, argued for workers to organize and work with other parties to gain reforms

Trade Unions  Trade Unions : forces working for evolutionary, rather than revolutionary, socialism through unionization.  Collective Bargaining : negotiating for better conditions  How did trade unions help to improve working conditions?

The Emergence of Mass Society 20-2

The New Urban Environment  Urbanization and industrialization  Mass society concerned with conditions of lower class  Government must now appeal to the masses, not simply the wealthy  Crowded Cities  Sanitation

Growth of Urban Problems  Urban populations increase significantly.  Urban dwellers make up 60% of England’s population.  Jobs and access to services drive migration.

Improvements in Public Health and Sanitation  Edwin Chadwick : urged local government within England to deal with the filthy conditions within the cities  Diseases a constant for city dwellers  Cholera : infected local water

Geography Skills  Open to page 659  Look at the map  Answer the questions which relate

Social Structure: New Elite  5% of the population  Controlled 30-40% of the wealth  Upper-Middle-Class : Merchants, Bankers, and Industrialist join landed aristocracy  New Elite

The Diverse Middle Class  Middle-Middle Class : Lawyers, Doctors, Civil Service, Business managers, engineers, architects, accountants, chemists. Comfortable  Lower-Middle Class : small shopkeepers, traders, and prosperous farmers.  White Collar Workers : in between lower-middle and lower class, ascribed to middle-class ideals. Salespeople, bookkeepers, telephone operators, secretaries.  Hard work will pay off

Education and Leisure  Universal Education : Everyone receives a basic education  Product of the mass society of the 20 th century  Education normally only afforded to middle and upper class children   Governments finance primary education for boys/girls ages 6-12  States took responsibility of training teachers by establishing schools.  How might this move to universal education impact society? Why do you think this was possible during this era?

Public Education  Second Industrial Revolution  Need for skilled workers  Boys and Girls now have more job possibilities  Chief Motive  Universal Suffrage (voting)  Better-Educated Voter  Patriotism/Nationalism  Result of Education  Literacy : ability to read  Mass Media : newspapers  Sensational Writing: exaggerating the truth

New Forms of Leisure  Amusement Parks, Dance Halls, and Team Sporting Events  People spent more time relaxing after work and on weekends  People willing to spend money to enjoy life

History and Arts  Open to page 664  Answer the two questions which relate.

Do Now  Answer the following question  How do you think the Second Industrial Revolution might impact women economically, politically, and socially?  Homework: Primary Source Reading

Women’s Experiences  Read through the documents  Complete the organizer  Once completed  Come to receive the DBQ’s Packet

The National State and Democracy Chapter 30-3

Do Now  Take out homework.  Answer the following question  How might the growth of Industrialization create international rivalries? Explain why this might happen.  Homework : People in World History- Andrew Carnegie

Graphic Organizer  Open to page 668  Read about the changes within national states and how democracy was able to strengthen within Europe.  Complete the Organizer as it relates to each section.

Uncertainty Grows  People out their faith in Science  Hard Facts  Cold Reason  Offered Certainty  Humans could completely understand the physical world and reality  Many questions!

Curie and the Atom  Marie Curie : discovered that an element called radium which gives off energy, radiation.

Einstein and Relativity  Albert Einstein : created Theory of Relativity and helped create atom bomb.

Freud and Psychoanalysis  Sigmund Freud : doctor from Vienna who proposed theories regarding the nature of the human mind.  Interpretation of Dreams  human behavior is determined by past experiences and internal forces which people are unaware.  Psychoanalysis : therapist/patient can retrieve repressed memories of childhood

Extreme Nationalism  What is Nationalism? How may this become extreme? Why?  Loyalty to nation over faith  Preserve nation’s status and national traditions

Social Darwinism and Racism  Social Darwinism : “Survival of the fittest” the strong advance while the weak decline.  People reject idea that they should care for the poor  Nations  “Struggle for Existence”  “War is a biological necessity of the first importance,… since without it an unhealthy development will follow, which excludes every advancement of the race, and therefore all real civilization. War is the father od all things”- German General Friedrich von Bernhardi

Anti-Semitism and Zionism  Anti-Semitism : hostility toward and discrimination against Jews  not new to Europe  Ghetto : areas of a city designed specifically for Jewish people  Pogroms : organized massacres  Zionism : nationalist movement to establish a Jewish state in Palestine  Theodor Herzl  The Jewish State