Perspectives and Methods
Biological Basis of Human Behavior
Sensation and Perception
Learning
Memory
Consciousness
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Definition of Psychology
study of behavior and mental processes
What is a control group?
In a psychological experiment, group used for comparison; Does not receive the IV
Perspective that believes behavior is explained by how people interpret/think about a situation
Norms
Perspective that focuses on how thinking and behavior change depending on the setting or situation
Socio-Cultural
Perspective that focuses on how people think and process information
Cognitive
What is the most basic building block of the nervous system?
Neuron
What two things make up the Central Nervous System?
Brain and Spinal Cord
What does the cerebellum do?
“little brain” coordination; memories of tasks (implicit memories)
In the endocrine system, what is the master gland?
Pituitary Gland
System that controls breathing, blood pressure, and digestive processes
Autonomic Nervous System
The process by which our sensory systems (eyes, ears, etc) and nervous system receive stimuli from our environment
Sensation
____ are the receptor cells for color and ____ are the receptor cells for black and white
Cones; Rods
The minimum amount of stimulation a person can normally detect
Absolute Threshold
Why do Psychologists use visual cliffs?
To judge depth perception in babies
A binocular depth cue resulting from slightly different images produced by the separation of the retinas in the left and right eye
Retinal Disparity
Definition of Learning
A relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience
the diminishing of a learned response
Extinction
What is discrimination?
A process in which an organism produces different responses to two similar stimuli
B.F. Skinner is known for his work with what type of learning?
Operant Conditioning
What is the difference between reinforcement and punishment?
Reinforcement is anything that increases the likelihood of a behavior while punishment is anything that decreases the likelihood of a behavior
What are the three steps in the information processing theory?
Encoding Storage Retrieval
What is a mnemonic device?
A memory trick or technique for remembering specific facts
What is automatic processing?
Unconscious encoding of some information without effort
What is explicit memory and what part of the brain controls it?
Memories of facts and experiences Hippocampus
What is proactive interference?
When a old memory gets in the way of a new memory
Stage of sleep where most dreams occur
REM
Machine that measures brain waves
EEG
Type of body rhythm that happens once a day
Circadian rhythms
What is a post hypnotic suggestion?
A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, that the subject will carry out when no longer hypnotized
What are the two theories of hypnosis?
Social-influence theory and divided consciousness theory