Cell Organelles

CELL ORGANELLES  Nucleus  Nuclear Pore  hole in nuclear envelope that allows material in and out of nucleus.  Nucleolus  make RNA for ribosome formation  Chromatin  Hereditary material (DNA and proteins)  Nuclear Sap  fluid in nucleus

CELL ORGANELLES  Cell Membrane  plasma membrane  covers the cell and holds it together- regulates what enters and leaves cell  Nucleus  controls cell activities  Nuclear envelope  Controls movement of materials in/out of nucleus using pores

Cell Organelles  Cytoplasm  everything in cell but DNA  Cytosol – the organelles are bathed in a gelatin-like aqueous fluid.  Mitochondria  breaks down sugar molecules into energy called ATP (powerhouse)  Inner membrane has many long folds called Cristae (more surface area for more chemical rxn)

Organelles Cont…  Ribosome  synthesizes proteins  Composed of a protein and RNA  Most abundant organelle  Golgi complex  Packaging center- makes vacuoles (gift wrapper)

Organelles Cont…  Endoplasmic reticulum  carries materials through cell (post office)  Works with the golgi  Rough ER – has ribosomes (located where lots of proteins are made)  Smooth ER – no ribosomes makes steroids in gland cells, regulates calcium in muscle tissue, and breaks down toxic substances with liver

Organelles Cont…  Lysosome  breaks down larger food molecules into smaller molecules *digests old cell parts (garbage disposal)  Vacuole  store food, water, waste

Organelles Cont…  Cytoskeleton – network of long protein strands located in cytosol (cell structure).  Microtubules  structural support for cell  Centriole  microtubules used in mitosis  Microfilament  movement and attachment (large part of muscle cells)

Organelles continue (Animals)  Microbody  contain enzymes for metabolic activity

Organelles cont…  Movement  Cilia – hair-like projection that are short and present in large numbers.  Flagella – hair-like projection that are longer and fewer in number.

Organelles PLANT (Differences)  Cell wall  support (grow tall) *protection-allows H2O, O2, CO2 to pass into and out of cell  Vacuole  store food, water, waste (plants have larger ones because plants need to store large amounts of food)

 Tonoplast  membrane of the vacuole  Crystal  give flowers color  Plastid  gives plants their color  Chloroplast – home to photosynthesis

Homework  How are plant and animals cells similar and how are they different?  Pick three organelles and describe their structure and function.