Cell Organelles What you need to know

An organelle is a membrane- bound structure that carries out specific activities for the cell.

You will need to know the following organelles and their function: Cell Membrane Nucleus Cytoplasm Mitochondria Golgi Complex Ribosomes Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Cell Wall Chloroplast Central Vacuole Lysosome

Cell Membrane Every cell is enclosed by a cell membrane. It controls the passage of materials in and out of the cell.

Nucleus The control center of the cell. It contains the DNA code for the cell coiled into chromosomes. Usually the easiest organelle to see under the microscope

Cytoplasm (not an organelle - but important) All organelles reside (live and float around in) the cytoplasm.

Mitochondria This organelle processes energy for a cell. It makes ATP. It is the cell’s power house. Involved in cellular respiration.

Golgi Complex The protein packaging and transport center of the cell. Has incoming and outgoing vesicles.

Ribosomes (not an organelle - but important) Synthesizes proteins. Found free floating or in Rough ER No membrane present. Made in the nucleolus

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Transports materials throughout the cell. Makes lipids

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Covered with ribosomes. Produces proteins. Transports materials throughout the cell = the “Highway” of the cell Connected to nucleus

Lysosome Breaks down materials for digestion = “the Garbage Disposal” Contains special enzymes for digestion in the cell.

Cell Wall (Plant and Bacteria Cell Only) Rigid and strong wall outside the cell membrane Protects and maintains the shape of the cell.

Chloroplast (Plant Cell Only) Contains chlorophyll. Makes plants green. Uses light energy to make ATP & sugars. Photosynthesis takes place here.

Central Vacuole (Plant Cell Only) Most plant cells have one large one. Storage container for water, food, enzymes, waste, etc.

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