Planning for Health Emergency Management First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Hyogo Framework for Action Building the resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters Five Priority Actions: 1.Make Disaster Risk Reduction a priority – ensure that DRR is a national and a local priority with strong institutional basis for implementation 2.Know the risk and take action – identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Hyogo Framework for Action Five Priority Actions: 3.Build understanding and awareness – use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and resilience at all levels 4.Reduce risks – reduce the underlying risk factors 5.Be prepared and ready to act – strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Risk Management is a comprehensive strategy for reducing threats and consequences to public health and safety of communities by: preventing exposure to hazards (target = hazards) reducing vulnerabilities (target group = community) developing response and recovery capacities (target group = response agencies)

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Emergency Management Plan An agreed set of arrangements for: responding to, and recovering from emergencies

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Emergency Management Plan A plan containing description of: Responsibilities Command & coordination mechanism Management structures Resource management Information management and communication Training and exercises

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Preparedness  measures to build capacities to respond to, and recover from emergencies Capacity ability to manage risks by: reducing hazards reducing vulnerabilities reducing consequences by responding to, and recovering from emergencies  In terms of: Organization; systems; resources and partnership

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Form Planning Group Hazard Analysis Develop Strategies and Systems Describe Management Structure Describe Roles and Responsibilities Emergency Planning Process Define the plan Analyze resources “Hospital Emergency Preparedness, Response and Recovery Plan Development ‘08” Vulnerability Analysis Risk Analysis Problems/Gaps Analysis

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Emergency Preparedness, Response and Recovery Plan 1.Emergency Preparedness Plan consists a Programme for: Hazard prevention Vulnerability reduction Emergency preparedness

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Case Study: Country X Category 5 tropical typhoon ( > 250 kph winds) struck Country X associated with heavy rainfall and flood Landslide from the lava of previously erupted volcano

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Impacts to the community 450 injured; 86 deaths; 820 missing 15 drowned; 7 electrocuted 1,500 displaced families two hospitals flooded till 2 nd floor All health Centers flooded Immunization services disrupted Pre-natal check ups halted Private clinics closed down

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Impacts to the community Damaged houses, flooded buildings, Damaged telephone and electrical lines Impassable roads Electrical brown outs, no water supply Damaged vehicles and roads Closed stores and businesses Damaged schools Damaged crops Snake bites

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Impacts to the community Garbage collection halted Flood water stagnated Human wastes everywhere Toilets flooded and overflowed Mud covered all streets

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Evacuation Site Scenario Damaged lifelines Overcrowding Poor environmental sanitation No access to safe water No community surveillance system Inadequate sanitary toilets Health workers are direct victims Disrupted basic health services Severe depression of the bereaved and other health workers

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Exercise: Emergency Preparedness Prog. Group the participants > Develop the Emergency For country X Preparedness Program Identify the hazards Identify the vulnerabilities of people, properties, environment, services, and livelihood Identify the risks to the community as to people, properties, environment, services, and livelihood Identify the services needed Identify the capacities needed HazardVulnerabilitiesRisksServicesCapacities OrganizationSystemPeople

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Exercise: Emergency Preparedness Prog. Group the participants > Develop the Emergency For the Evacuation Site Preparedness Program Identify the hazard Identify the vulnerabilities Identify the risks Identify the services needed Identify the capacities needed HazardVulnerabilitiesRisksServicesCapacities OrganizationSystemPeople

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman ANATOMY OF COMMUNITY RISK MANAGEMENT hazard community vulnerability readiness multisectoral, all hazards Community risk indicators: probability scale/magnitude/ strength/intensity spread duration biological hazards: season, infectivity, latency, transmission resistance, etc. natural phenomena famine diseases of epidemic potential events/crowds intoxification infestations transport accidents structural failures industrial accidents chemical accidents pollution refugees war terrorism Prevention & Mitigation Programme   = = People: access to health care measles vaccination under 5 nutrition under 5 mortality access to clean water access to sanitation adequate housing employment/ income female literacy Property: health infrastructure vehicles medical supplies Services: curative care services ambulance services public health services health info system Environment: water/soil/air quality Vulnerability Reduction Programme policy, plans, procedures knowledge, skills, attitudes resources legislation national & sectoral policy administrative procedures response & recovery plans preparedness plans technical guidelines management structure institutional managements information systems warning systems human resources material resources financial resources simulations & training education public information community participation research publications Emergency Preparedness Programme risk of: death injury (mental/ physical) disease (mental/physical) loss of life displacement loss of property loss of income secondary hazards breakdown in security damage to infrastructure breakdown in services Contamination Community Risk Management

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman 2. Emergency Response Plan to use built capacity to manage risks, includes : Policies for direction and plans to be activated Systems and Procedures to be activated/implemented Organized team to respond to emergencies Available logistics and funds for the operation Established networks for emergency management

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Emergency Response Plan use existing capacities to deliver relief or response mobilization of resources use of developed systems for emergency management actual implementation of guidelines/proedures for the developed systems

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Activities during Response Phase  Utilization of capacities built  Activation of plans and systems developed  Activation of OPCEN  Mobilization of resources  Management of emergency cases  Validation and constant monitoring of the event

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Case Study: Country X A destructive cyclone is coming with landfall after 24 hours was aired in the TV and radio Report 1

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Category 5 tropical typhoon ( > 250 kph winds) struck Country X associated with heavy rainfall Report 2 (9: 00 AM)

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Report 3 (11:00 AM) Flood starts to build up Landslide from the lava of previously erupted volcano starts to roll down the villages

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman 20 injured needing surgery 20 deaths; 15 drowned; 7 electrocuted needing to to be revived 2 snake bite needing treatment 1,500 families needed to be evacuated 50 missing with mothers screaming Report 4: at 11:30 AM

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman two hospitals flooded till 2 nd floor, non- functional Operating Rooms Non-functional ambulances All health Centers flooded non functional Health workers are direct victim Immunization services disrupted Pre-natal check ups halted Private clinics closed down Report 4: at 11:30 AM

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Report 5: 12:00 PM 600 houses damaged, flooded buildings, No telecommunication Electrical brown out Impassable roads No water supply Damaged vehicles and roads Snake bites

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Report 5: 12:30 PM Closed stores and businesses Damaged schools Damaged crops Snake bites

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Impacts to the community Garbage collection halted Flood water stagnated Human wastes everywhere Toilets flooded and overflowed Mud covered all streets

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Evacuation Site Scenario Damaged lifelines Overcrowding Poor environmental sanitation No access to safe water No community surveillance system Inadequate sanitary toilets Health workers are direct victims Disrupted basic health services Severe depression of the bereaved and other health workers

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Response Plan a. Activation of Early Warning and Alert System b. Activation of the Plan c. Activation of the ICS d. Activation of the Operation Center e. Implementation of the RESPONSE Standard Operating Procedures/ Protocols Emergencies f. Implementation of existing Standard Operating Procedures/Guidelines for systems developed g.Initiation and Maintenance of Coordination and networking for referrals of cases

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Response Plan h. Initiation and Maintenance of Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Services for casualties, patients, hospital staff and other responders, bereaved i Management of Information j. Activation of plan in the event of complete isolation of hospital/CHD/community for auxiliary power, water and food rationing, medication/ dressing rationing, waste and garbage disposal, staff and patient morale k.Provision of the Public Health Services l. Management of the Dead

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman 3. Recovery and Reconstruction Plan A plan to restore services and replace lost as well as damaged elements of the community

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Recovery/Rehabilitation Plan Hospital People Property Environment Services Livelihood (Vulnerable) Hazard Risks People Property Environment Services Livelihood (Damages Needs) Recovery/ Rehabilitation Emergency Disaster Capacities used to manage Risks Capacities Utilized, lost Damaged

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman Next Actions 1. Write the Plan and have it approved by the head of the agency. The Plan is not a plan until written and approved by the head of agency 2. Disseminate the plan to all the stakeholders and staff. Everyone needs to know the plan so that in emergency no one would ever say, “he does nothing cause he knows nothing”. 3.Test the plan. The plan is believed to be effective only when it is tested, be able to know its functionality, acceptability, and doability in the hands of the implementers. Update the plan 4.Implement the plan. 5. Monitor and evaluate the implementation of the plan 6. Review and update the plan regularly.

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March Muscat, Oman