Quarter Review Unit 3

Of which elements are most living things composed?

What property makes Carbon special for living things?  It makes four bonds  It forms single, double and triple  Lots of variety for protein, nucleic acids, lipids & carbohydrates

Plants are able to grow much taller because of this property of water: Capillary Action: adhesion/cohesion of water molecules to each other and to the sides of the plant

What is a Cell Organelle?  Organelle= “ little organ ”  Found only inside eukaryotic cells

 Control center of the cell  Contains DNA  Surrounded by a double membrane Job of ___________? Nucleus

 Connected to nuclear membrane  Highway of the cell  _______: studded with ribosomes; it makes proteins  _____: no ribosomes; it makes lipids What is the advantage to multiple folds (accordian-like) for organelles? Endoplasmic Reticulum

 _____________: studded with ribosomes; it makes proteins  ___________: no ribosomes; it makes lipids Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Smooth

 Site of protein synthesis  Found attached to rough ER or floating free in cytosol  Produced in a part of the nucleus called the nucleolus Ribosomes

 Stores, modifies and packages proteins  Molecules transported by means of vesicles Golgi Apparatus

 Garbage disposal of the cell  Contain digestive enzymes that break down wastes Lysosomes

 “ Powerhouse of the cell ”  Cellular respiration occurs here to release energy for the cell to use Mitochondria

 Found only in plant cells  Contains the green pigment chlorophyll  Site of food (glucose) production Chloroplast

Cell Wall  Found in plant and bacterial cells  Rigid, protective barrier  Located outside of the cell membrane

Vacuoles  Large central vacuole usually in plant cells  Many smaller vacuoles in animal cells  Storage container for water, food, enzymes, wastes, pigments, etc. What type of microscope may have been used to take this picture?

Centriole  Aids in cell division  Usually found only in animal cells

Plant vs. Animal Cells Large Vacuole Chloroplast Cell WallCentrioles Small Vacuoles

Cell Membrane  Importance?

Cell Membrane  Selectively Permeable

Cell Membrane  How and Why is arranged this way?

Cell Membrane  Hydrophobic tails repelled from water and are inside; Hydrophilic heads attracted to water on outside

Why do we use Stains when looking at specimens under a microscope?  To help parts stand out

Hypo Hyper Iso Iso

Particle moving from LOW to HIGH…  ACTIVE TRANSPORT  Shown By RED dots

What is the term for “a state of balance”, as in, particles on both sides of a membrane are in balance?  EQUILIBRIUM

NAME THE PHASES? Explain what is happening

Answers:

NAME THE PHASE  A: Anaphase, Sister chromatids are pulled apart by spindle fibers and go to opposite sides of the cell  B:Metaphase, Chromosomes (sister chromatids) line up on the mid-line of the cell; spindle fibers attach

NAME THE PHASE  C: Telophase and Cytokinesis: the cell begins to furrow, and the organelles and cytoplasm split between the two cells  D: Prophase: The DNA has coiled up and is visible, the nuclear envelope disappears

GENETICS VOCAB 1)diagram used by biologists to predict the outcome of a genetic cross 1)diagram used by biologists to predict the outcome of a genetic cross 2)refers to an individual with two different alleles for a trait 2)refers to an individual with two different alleles for a trait 3)condition in which both alleles for a gene are expressed when present 3)condition in which both alleles for a gene are expressed when present

4)refers to an individual with two identical alleles for a trait 4)refers to an individual with two identical alleles for a trait 5)an alternative form of a gene 5)an alternative form of a gene 6)condition in which a trait in an individual is intermediate between the phenotype of its two parents 6)condition in which a trait in an individual is intermediate between the phenotype of its two parents

7)genetic trait that is expressed when it's allele is homozygous or heterozygous 7)genetic trait that is expressed when it's allele is homozygous or heterozygous (strong trait) 8)genetic trait that is not expressed when the contrasting form of the trait is present (hidden trait)

9)study of heredity 9)study of heredity 10)cross involving one pair of contrasting traits 10)cross involving one pair of contrasting traits 11)transmission of genetic traits from parent to offspring 11)transmission of genetic traits from parent to offspring 12)A segment of DNA that codes for one trait

13) A tightly coiled strand of DNA 13) A tightly coiled strand of DNA 14)observable characteristics of an organism 14)observable characteristics of an organism 15)the genetic makeup of an organism as indicated by its set of alleles 15)the genetic makeup of an organism as indicated by its set of alleles

Vocab Answers 1.. Punnett Square 2. Heterozygous 3. Co-dominance 4. Homozygous 5. Allele 6. Incomplete Dominance

Vocab Answers 7. Dominant 8. Recessive 9. Genetics 10. Monohybrid 11. Inheritance 12. gene

Vocab Answers 13. chromosome 14. Genotype 15. Phenotype