Our Longest War October 7, 2001 – June, 2010 “We are supported by the collective will of the world.” – George W. Bush – 10/ Americans died yesterday What does this tell you?

Coalition Casualties in Afghanistan YearUSUKOtherTotal Total Finish Afghanistan History reading and answering questions

Improvised Explosive Devices PeriodIEDTotalPct

Political History In 1979, Afghanistan was invaded and eventually controlled by the Soviet Union. The United States, through Pakistan, funded and trained Islamic fundamentalists to fight the Soviets In 1989, Afghanistan and the Soviet Union signed a peace agreement. In 1996, the Taliban, promising traditional, Islamic values came into power, imposing strict Islamic law, including revoking many women’s rights. In 2001, American troops forced the Taliban from power.

Al Qaeda Islamic fundamentalists Founded in Founded in Pakistan Origins can be traced to war against Soviets in Afghanistan U.S. supported Mujahideen fighters against Soviets – through Pakistan’s Inter Services Intelligence agency

Al Qaeda vs. U.S Yemen – unsuccessful 1993 – World Trade Center bombing – KSM 1996 – U.S. Military base – Saudi Arabia 1998 – embassy bombings – Kenya and Tanzania 2000 – U.S.S. Cole in port of Aden in Yemen 9/11/2001 – New York, Washington D.C., Pennsylvania

Turning against U.STurning against U.S. After Soviets pull out of Afghanistan, U.S. stops supporting Mujahideen After Gulf War – 1991 – U.S. leaves troops in Saudi Arabia – sacred land of Islam – Al Qaeda based in Sudan 1996 – with rise of Taliban Al Qaeda moves to Afghanistan

Hijackers 19 total 15 from Saudi Arabia 2 from United Arab Emirates None from Afghanistan

U.S. Demands 1.deliver al-Qaeda leaders located in Afghanistan to the United States authorities 2.release all imprisoned foreign nationals, including American citizens 3.close terrorist training camps in Afghanistan and "hand over every terrorist and every person and their support structure to appropriate authorities" 4.give the United States full access to terrorist training camps to verify their closure

George W. Bush "They will hand over the terrorists or they will share in their fate.” "Our war on terror begins with al Qaeda, but it does not end there."