Jennifer Carstens

 Most of treatments began with the belief that the affected person had an evil sprit in them, which was making them act abnormally.  The cure was to rid the spirits from the person’s body by means of trephination.

 Cutting into a person’s skull, typically done to people to experience extremely abnormal behavior (hearing voices, hallucinations, etc)

 Greeks and Romans identified many psychological disorders such as melancholia, mania, dementia, hysteria, delusion, and hallucinations.  Focus was placed on the “Four Fluids”, Blood, yellow bile, black bile, and Phlegm.

 The middle ages were classified as a time in extreme expansion of spiritualism and urbanization, but a contraction of science and medicine.  Mental illnesses were seen as a struggle between “good” and “bad”  The Dark Ages received its name from ongoing plagues and war, which led to mass madness.  Tarantism, Lycanthropy, and Exorcism were common during this time.

 A condition where groups of people would start singing, convulsing, dancing, and rip off their clothing.

 A condition where people believe that they are an animal and begin acting as such (howling, barking, pawing, etc)  Some people would even claim that they could feel course hair growing from all over their body.

 An act where a member of the clergy tries to get a demon out of someone who is believed to be possessed.  This is typically done by beating, starvation, repetitive bible readings, and prayer.  Done in all major religions.

 Characterized as a time of extreme cultural and scientific growth, and a decline of religious influence.  Rise of Asylums and specializations in mental health care.  Johann Weyer- first physician to specialize in illnesses of the mind.  First religious mental health facility- Gheel Belgium  First medical mental Asylum- Bethlehem Hospital, Spain.

 Believed that the mind was susceptible to illness, just like the body.  First physician to specialize in the treatment of the mentally ill.  His most influential work is De Praestigiis Daemonum et Incantationibus ac Venificiis (On the Illusions of the Demons and on Spells and Poisons) published in 1563  One of the only to speak out against persecution.

 One of the foremost important places for mental health (loving, humane approach).  Classified as a community asylum, that was supported by the church and community.  Fell due to lack of interest.

 In this asylum, patients were bound in chains.  During certain phases of the moon, patients would be lined up and whipped in order to prevent violence.  The hospital became a tourist attraction, where people would pay to look at the howling and gibbering imamates  Lunatics' Towers, Vienna  La Bicetra in Paris

 Continues to be a hospital

Shock treatments- throwing someone in ice cold water in order to “shock” their body. Crib- Patients in asylums were forced to stay in enclosed “cribs”. Rotating Chair- Placing someone in a chair, where they were spun around multiple times till they became sick.

 Benjamin Rush, Dorothea Dix, and Nellie Bly were major reformers for Mental health.  Few hospitals were being built, the already built mental institutions were overcrowded.  America became more interested in mental health care, and health care reform.  Mental illness began to be seen as genetic diseases

 Pioneered several medical tools, such as a centrifuge.  Pioneered Occupational Therapy as well as a moral theory when dealing with the ill.  Discovered Savant Syndrome

 Lobbied on behalf of the mentally insane  Created Legislation for the first established state mental asylums

 Actual name: Elizabeth Jane Cochran  Checked herself into a boardinghouse, where she pretended to have amnesia and have hallucinations, then was taken to a courtroom.  Upon examination, doctors said she was a lost cause “Undoubtedly insane”, and sent her to Bellevue Hospital Center where she experienced living conditions first hand.  She was released after 10 days and wrote, 10 Days in a Mad-house, which launched a federal investigation

 The 1900’s were a time for revolutions in Hospitalization, Moral Management, as well as Society Cooperation & Interaction.  Early treatments included: lobotomies and primitive forms of electroshock therapy