A NATION DIVIDED A NATION DIVIDED CHAPTER 30, SECTION 3 CHAPTER 30, SECTION 3

QUIZ: SECTION 3 QUIZ: SECTION 3  DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS:  THE NEW LEFT  STUDENTS FOR A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY  FREE SPEECH MOVEMENT  DOVE  HAWK

VOCABULARY  THE NEW LEFT  STUDENTS FOR A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY (S.D.S.)  FREE SPEECH MOVEMENT (F.S.M.)  DOVES  HAWKS

IMPORTANT DATES  1959: SDS FOUNDED  1964: FSM FOUNDED  1967:  ANTI-WAR PROTEST MARCH ON WASHINGTON  McNAMARA ANNOUNCES HIS RESIGNATION

ANTI-WAR PROTEST ANTI-WAR PROTEST  U.S. MILITARY DRAFT SYSTEM BASED ON SELECTIVE SERVICE SYSTEM  ALL U.S. MALES, 18 TO 26, HAD TO REGISTER  DRAFTEES WOULD BE TAKEN FROM THAT POOL OF MEN  SYSTEM WAS EASILY MANIPULATED  LARGE #s TRY TO AVOID BEING DRAFTED  HOW WAS DRAFT AVOIDED?  MEDICAL “DEFERMENT” (Define)  ENLISTING IN NATIONAL GUARD, COAST GUARD  “CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTION” (Define)  COLLEGE DEFERMENT  LAST RESORT: LEAVING U.S. (ex. CANADA)  RESULT?  MANY WHO AVOIDED DRAFT KNEW HOW TO MANIPULATE THE SYSTEM  MANY WHO COULDN’T AVOID DRAFT WERE WORKING CLASS

ANTI-WAR PROTEST ANTI-WAR PROTEST  80% OF U.S. SERVICEMEN IN V-NAM CAME FROM WORKING CLASS  WHAT GROUPS HAVE HIGHEST #s OF DRAFTEES?  AFRICAN-AMERICANS  WORKING CLASS WHITES  LATINOS  PROBLEMS?  RESENTMENT AT HEAVY BURDEN GROWS  EX: 20% OF COMBAT DEATHS IN WERE AFRICAN-AMERICAN  RACIAL TENSION IN MILITARY UNITS AND IN U.S. GROWS  EX: 1969: RACE USMC CAMP LEJEUNE, N.C.

ANTI-WAR PROTEST ANTI-WAR PROTEST  SOME GROUPS TRY TO HELP SITUATION IN V- NAM:  U.S. MILITARY DIDN’T ALLOW WOMEN IN COMBAT UNITS  7,500 WOMEN SERVE IN SUPPORT ROLES, SPECIFICALLY AS NURSES / MEDICAL AIDES  WHERE?  ARMY  NAVY  RED CROSS  U.S.O.  U.S.O.: DID / DOES WHAT?  PROVIDES SERVICES FOR MILITARY (CARE PACKAGES, ENTERTAINMENT, COMMUNICATION SERVICES)

ROOTS OF OPPOSITION ROOTS OF OPPOSITION  1960’s COLLEGE STUDENTS ARE MORE POLITICALLY ACTIVE  COLLEGE CAMPUSES ARE CENTERS OF POLITICAL ACTIVITY  WHY?  JFK’s NEW FRONTIER ENCOURAGED STUDENTS TO BE MORE INVOLVED IN NATIONAL ISSUES  GROWTH OF CIVIL RIGHTS STRUGGLE  BABY BOOM & CONSUMERISM CREATED MORE POTENTIAL COLLEGE STUDENTS  WHO? “THE NEW LEFT”  DESCRIBE: POLITICAL PROTEST GROUPS CALLING FOR CHANGES IN U.S. SOCIETY  EXAMPLES?  S.D.S: U. OF MICHIGAN  F.S.M. U. OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY  DID WHAT?  CALLED FOR EXPANDED INDIVIDUAL FREEDOMS  CRITICIZED “THE MACHINE”: GOV’T - BIG BUSINESS ALLIANCE

 F.S.M. UC-Berkley, 1964

PROTEST MOVEMENT GROWS PROTEST MOVEMENT GROWS  1966: LBJ CHANGES REQUIREMENTS FOR DEFERMENTS  HOW? A COLLEGE STUDENT HAD TO BE IN GOOD ACADEMIC STANDING  REACTION? PROTESTS ON COLLEGE CAMPUSES INCREASE  LATE-’67: S.D.S. HAS 300 CHAPTERS ON CAMPUSES ACROSS U.S.  MAJOR PROTESTS:  SPRING,’67: NYC – CENTRAL PARK: 500,000  OCT.,’67: WASH., D.C. PROTEST: 75,000  ENDS IN VIOLENT PENTAGON  1500 INJURED, 700 ARRESTED

 COME ON ALL OF YOU BIG STRONG MEN, UNCLE SAM NEEDS YOUR HELP AGAIN HE’S GOT HIMSELF IN A TERRIBLE JAM WAY DOWN YONDER IN VIETNAM, SO PUT DOWN YOUR BOOKS AND PICK UP A GUN WE’RE GONNA HAVE A WHOLE LOT OF FUN! AND IT’S ONE, TWO, THREE…WHAT ARE WE FIGHTING FOR? DON’T ASK ME, I DON’T GIVE A DAMN NEXT STOP IS VIETNAM… AND IT’S FIVE, SIX, SEVEN…OPEN UP THE PEARLY GATES THERE AIN’T NO TIME TO WONDER WHY WHOOPIE, WE’RE ALL GONNA DIE! COME ON, YOU MOTHERS THROUGHOUT THE LAND PACK YOUR BOYS OFF TO VIETNAM COME ON FATHERS, DON’T HESITATE SEND YOUR SONS OFF BEOFRE IT’S TOO LATE YOU CAN BE THE FIRST ONE ON YOUR BLOCK TO HAVE YOUR BOY COME HOME IN A BOX (Chorus) “I FEEL LIKE I’M FIXIN’ TO DIE RAG”, 1965, COUNTRY JOE MacDONALD

ANTI-WAR PROTEST, THE PENTAGON, 1967 ANTI-WAR PROTEST, THE PENTAGON, 1967

ANTI-WAR PROTESTERS, WASHINGTON, D.C., 1968 ANTI-WAR PROTESTERS, WASHINGTON, D.C., 1968

DIVIDED OPINIONS DIVIDED OPINIONS  DOVES: Define  HAWKS: Define  1967: MEDIA POLL RESULTS:  2/3 OF AMERICANS THINK WAR JUSTIFIED  50% THINK MORE BOMBING OF N.V. WOULD HELP WIN WAR  70% BELIEVED WAR PROTESTS WERE DISLOYAL ACTS

FAMOUS SLOGANS FAMOUS SLOGANS  “HELL NO, WE WON’T GO!”  “BURN CARDS, NOT PEOPLE!”  “DRAFT BEER, NOT PEOPLE!”  “HEY, HEY, LBJ... HOW MANY KIDS HAVE YOU KILLED TODAY?!!”  “AMERICA…LOVE IT, OR LEAVE IT!”  “SUPPORT OUR MEN IN VIETNAM.”