Chapter 7 Developing a Vast Wilderness “Canada”

Section 1 ► The Vikings came to North America around 1000 A.D. ► Nearly 5 centuries later (500 years) an Italian navigator, Giovanni Caboto, explored the North American landed in Newfoundland and claimed it for England. ► England and France were the first two nations that tried to colonize Canada.

Distinction of Canada ► Roman Catholic- French ► Protestant- English ► The British government split Canada into 2 provinces. Upper Canada (Ontario)- Spoke English Lower Canada (Quebec)- Spoke French Rupert’s land, which was owned by a British fur- trading company, separated the two.

Continental Expansion ► Roads, canals and railroads were developed to make the land of Canada more accessible to pioneers. ► 1885 a railway was completed from Montreal to Vancouver. ► Around that time gold, copper, zinc and silver deposits were discovered in the Yukon Territory.

Population Growth ► As the population grew Canada became more urban and industrial. ► Most of the growth took place within 100 miles of the U.S. border. ► Canada became an economic power in the 20 th century.

Canadian Government ► In 1931 Canada was independent of Britain. ► Parliamentary Government- System where legislative and executive functions are combined in a legislature called parliament. ► Parliament- representative lawmaking body whose members are elected or appointed and in which legislative and executive functions are combined. ► Symbolic head of state is still the British monarch.

Chapter 7 Section 2 ► Economy and Culture of Canada

Economy of Canada ► Canada is one of the richest countries in the world. ► Industries of Canada- Farming, logging, mining and fishing. ► The majority of Canada’s manufacturing companies are in southern Quebec and Ontario. ► Nearly 15% of Canadians earn their living from manufacturing. (Automobiles, steel, household appliances and electronics).

Service Industries ► This is Canada’s economic backbone. These industries provide more jobs for Canadians than all other industries combined. ► Examples of industries include: finance, utilities, trade, transportation, tourism, communications, insurance and real estate.

Cultures of Canada ► People that settled Canada- Inuit, First Nations, French, English and other Europeans. ► French and English are the official languages. ► Christianity is the dominant religion. (Protestant and Catholic)

Settling Canada ► Harsh climate and transportation routes have affected the settlement patterns of Canada. ► 80% of all Canadians live on just 10% of the land. ► Most live in urban areas along the southern portion of the country.

Canadian Life ► Workforce = 55% men & 45% women ► 97% literacy rate in the country ► Ice hockey, rodeo, fishing, hunting, skiing, golf and football are some of the favorite activities.

Section 3 ► Location, climate, different people, settling area and local industries all account for the variety of lifestyles within a sub-region. ► Most large cities in the Quebec and Ontario are near the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River.

Provinces of Canada ► Atlantic Province- Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. (Logging, fishing and mining). ► Prairie Provinces- *Breadbasket* Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta. (Agriculture, minerals, oil, coal and natural gas).

Provinces Cont. ► Core Provinces-*Heartland* Quebec and Ontario. 3 out of 5 Canadians live here. (Agriculture, mining and hydroelectric power). ► Pacific Provinces and Territories- British Columbia, Yukon Territory, Northwest Territory and the Nunavut. (Logging, fishing mining, and hydroelectric-power).

Nova Scotia

Alberta

Quebec

Ontario

British Columbia

Most Populated Cities 1. Toronto, Ontario- 5,113, Montreal, Quebec- 3,635, Vancouver, B.C.- 2,116, Ottawa, Ontario- 1,130, Calgary, Alberta1,079,130

Famous Canadians Avril LavignePam Anderson Shania TwainAlanis Morissette Bryan AdamsJim Carrey Howie Mandel