ENERGY SECURITY-CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES PROTECTION IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF BUCHAREST NATO SUMMIT 2008 Dr. Liviu Muresan Executive President EURISC Foundation Yerevan, January 2008

The axis of the three seas: Black Sea, Caspian Sea, Mediterranean Sea International Cooperation: from B.S.E.C. to Shanghai Cooperation Organization Critical Infrastructures in the Black Sea area Proposals for the Bucharest NATO Summit 2008

The geopolitical axis of the three seas: Caspian Sea – Black Sea – Mediterranean Sea (I) The Geopolitical Perspective Caspian Sea Black Sea Mediterranean Sea

The geopolitical axis of the three seas: Caspian Sea – Black Sea –Mediterranean Sea (II) The old and new players in this area of interest: Russia, Turkey USA, China, NATO, EU, a.o.

International Cooperation: from BSEC to Shanghai Cooperation Organization (I) Black Sea Economic Cooperation - BSEC ROMANIA + TURKEY +RUSSIA + UKRAINE + BULGARIA + GREECE + GEORGIA + R. MOLDOVA

International Cooperation: from BSEC to Shanghai Cooperation Organization (II) Shanghai Cooperation Organization – S.C.O RUSIA + CHINA + KAZAKHSTAN + KYRGYSTAN + TAJIKISTAN + UZBEKISTAN INDIA + PAKISTAN +IRAN +MONGOLIA

Critical Infrastructures in the Black Sea area The European Program for Critical Infrastructure Protection (2005) Sector Service or Product 1. Energy 1. Production of oil and gas, refinery, treatment and deposit, including pipelines 2. Production and network systems; 3. Energy, gas and oil transport; 4. Energy, gas and oil distribution. 2. Information 5. Information and networks systems; and Technology 6. Command, automation and instrumentation systems; Communication 7. Mobile and land telecommunication services; 8. Navigation and radio communication services; 9. Satellite communication services; 10. Broadcasting services.

Critical Infrastructures in the Black Sea area The European Program for Critical Infrastructure Protection Sector Service or Product 3. Water Supply 11. Drinking water supply; 12. Water quality control; 13. Dam building and water quantity control; 4. Food supply 14. Food supply, food safety, security and protection; 5. Health 15. Medical support and hospital services; 16. Drugs, serums, vaccines and pharmaceutical products 17. Bio laboratories and bio agents;

Critical Infrastructures in the Black Sea area The European Program for Critical Infrastructure Protection Sector Service or Product 6. Finance 18. Payment services/related structures; 19. Governmental financial systems; 7. Defense, 20. Country defense, public order and national Public Order, security; National Security 21. Integrated management of borders; 8. Administration 22. Government; 23. Armed forces; 24. Administration and services; 25. Emergency services;

Critical Infrastructures in the Black Sea The European Program for Critical Infrastructure Protection Sector Service or Product 9. Transport 26. Road Transport; 27. Railways; 28. Sea, river and ocean transport; 29. Air transport; 10. Chemical and 30. Production, processing and storing of Nuclear Energychemical and nuclear substances; 31. Dangerous chemical substances pipes; 11. Space 32. Air traffic; 33. Outer space* * To be included as a proposal of Prof. Adrian Gheorghe and Dr. Liviu Muresan – EURISC Foundation)

ESRIF – European Security Research and Innovation Forum (European Commission) Development of a Joint Security Research and Innovation Agenda driven by the demand side of security technologies and respecting civil liberties, being prepared in cooperation of demand, supply and civil society side representatives; involving public and private players both from the national and European level on a voluntary basis; providing strategic advice for European and national security research programme owners; aiming at an impact on security research and innovation, which implies the take up and deployment of the research outcome; through the overall process also having a positive impact on the development of the European security equipment market.

ESRIF Objectives A strong Security Technological and Industrial Base, including the integration of the supply chains, able to provide all critical technologies A European Security Equipment Market – standardisation and interoperability Aiming at improved cooperation between security policy & research Definition of minimum standard for security equipment and systems Definition of security characteristics of infrastructures Working in coordination with MS, EDA, ESA, NATO, etc. Definition of requirements for European security solutions

EWSRIF Working Groups WG 1 - Security of the citizens WG 2 - Security of critical infrastructures WG 3 - Border security WG 4 - Crisis Management WG 5 - Foresight and Scenarios WG 6 – CBRNE WG 7 - Situation awareness WG 8 - Identification management for people and assets WG 9 - Innovation issues WG 10 - Governance and coordination WG 11 - Human and societal dynamics of security ( December 2007 )

Critical Infrastructures in the Black Sea area Identifying of the Critical Infrastructures in the Black Sea area Implementing of the concept of Critical Infrastructures Protection the EU and NATO perspectives Promoting a regional Critical Infrastructures Protection Strategy Setting up a Regional Center on Training and Research for Critical Services and Infrastructure Protection (PROCSI)* for Black Sea, Caspian Sea, Central Asia and Middle East areas *Registered to the Patent Office

Critical Infrastructures in the Black Sea area I. A REGIONAL STRATEGY FOR ENERGY SECURITY It is appropriate and timely to start thinking about a REGIONAL STRATEGY FOR THE PROTECTION OF CRITICAL ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE in the Wider Black Sea Area. Such a project could be built upon the EU and NATO energy security perspectives as well as the existing institutional arrangements under the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC), the relevant experience of the Southeast Europe Energy Community Treaty (SEECT) a.o. © Conclusions and Recommendations of the EURISC Foundation International Think-Tank Meeting on Energy Security-The Role of Transit Countries 2-3 March 2007, Bucharest, Romania

II. ROLE OF ENERGY TRANSIT COUNTRIES The development of agreed rules of conduct for the producer, consumer and transit countries. As a first step, a platform for information sharing on energy security could be considered. Future action on practical activities in the broad field of energy security should also involve all stakeholders, including local communities and the civil society. Cooperation on these matters may be developed and harmonized within an ASSOCIATION ON ENERGY TRANSIT COUNTRIES of representatives of transit, producing and consuming countries. © Conclusions and Recommendations of the EURISC Foundation International Think-Tank Meeting on Energy Security-The Role of Transit Countries 2-3 March 2007, Bucharest, Romania

III. GOOD ENERGY GOVERNANCE Launching a new concept of GOOD ENERGY GOVERNANCE with the support of UN, NATO, EU, a.o. To engage the scientific and academic community in the preparation of a GLOBAL OVERALL STRATEGY FOR THE PROTECTION OF CRITICAL ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE ; To prepare, as a first step, the blueprint for a GLOBAL CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE WARNING INFORMATION NETWORK (GCIWIN). © Conclusions and Recommendations of the EURISC Foundation International Think-Tank Meeting on Energy Security-The Role of Transit Countries 2-3 March 2007, Bucharest, Romania

Increasing instability Stabilizing instability ( Ralph Stacy ) Critical Infrastructures like STABILOPDS

Critical Infrastructures as STABILOPODS to stabilize the future waves of instability A Potential Global Mission for NATO?

Proposals for the Bucharest NATO Summit 2008 Consider the Energy Security as a part of the wider Critical Infrastructures Protection Include the Critical Infrastructures Protection as a potential global mission for NATO Launch the Good Critical Infrastructures Governance Project

Thank you Contact Dr. Liviu Muresan Executive President EURISC Foundation Tel: Fax: P.O.Box 2-101, Bucharest 2, Romania